针头交换项目对废弃针头数量的影响：一项为期两年的随访研究。
The effect of a needle exchange program on numbers of discarded needles: a 2-year follow-up.
作者信息
Doherty M C, Junge B, Rathouz P, Garfein R S, Riley E, Vlahov D
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md. 21205, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2000 Jun;90(6):936-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.90.6.936.
OBJECTIVES
This study estimates the quantity and geographic distribution of discarded needles on the streets of Baltimore, Md, during the 2 years after a needle exchange program opened.
METHODS
Thirty-two city blocks were randomly sampled. Counts were taken of the number of syringes, drug vials, and bottles before the needle exchange program opened and then at 6 periodic intervals for 2 years after the program opened. Nonparametric and generalized estimating equation models were used to examine change over time.
RESULTS
Two years after the needle exchange program opened, there was a significant decline in the overall quantity of discarded needles relative to that of drug vials and bottles (background trash). The block mean of number of needles per 100 trash items was 2.42 before the program opened and 1.30 2 years later (mean within-block change = -0.028, P < .05). There was no difference in the number of discarded needles by distance from the program site.
CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that this needle exchange program did not increase the number of distribution of discarded needles.
目的
本研究估算了在马里兰州巴尔的摩市的一个针头交换项目开展后的两年间，街头丢弃针头的数量及地理分布情况。
方法
随机抽取了32个城市街区。在针头交换项目开展前以及项目开展后的两年内，按6个时间间隔对注射器、药瓶和瓶子的数量进行计数。使用非参数模型和广义估计方程模型来检验随时间的变化情况。
结果
针头交换项目开展两年后，相对于药瓶和瓶子（背景垃圾），丢弃针头的总量显著下降。项目开展前，每100件垃圾中针头的街区平均数量为2.42，两年后为1.30（街区内平均变化量=-0.028，P<.05）。距项目地点不同距离处丢弃针头的数量没有差异。
结论
这些数据表明，该针头交换项目并未增加丢弃针头的分布数量。
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