Anderson E, McGovern P M, Kochevar L, Vesley D, Gershon R
Fairview University Medical Center, USA.
J Healthc Qual. 2000 Mar-Apr;22(2):19-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1945-1474.2000.tb00111.x.
The lack of compliance with universal precautions (UP) is well documented across a wide variety of healthcare professions and has been reported both before and after the enactment of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. Gershon, Karkashian, and Felknor (1994) found that several factors correlated significantly with healthcare workers' lack of compliance with UP, including a measure of organizational safety climate (e.g., the employees' perception of their organizational culture and practices regarding safety). We conducted a secondary analysis using data from a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 1,746 healthcare workers at risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens to assess the validity and reliability of Gershon's measure of safety climate. Findings revealed no relationship between safety climate and employees' gender, age, education, tenure in position, profession, hours worked per day, perceived risk, attitude toward risk, and training. An association was demonstrated between safety climate and (1) healthcare worker compliance with UP and (2) the availability of personal protective equipment, providing support for the construct validity of this measure of safety climate. These findings could be used by occupational health professionals to assess employees' perceptions of the safety culture and practices in the workplace and to guide the institution's risk management efforts in association with U.P.
在广泛的医疗行业中，不遵守普遍预防措施（UP）的情况有充分记录，并且在职业安全与健康管理局的《血源性病原体标准》颁布前后均有相关报道。格申、卡尔卡申和费尔克诺（1994年）发现，有几个因素与医护人员不遵守普遍预防措施显著相关，其中包括对组织安全氛围的一种衡量指标（例如，员工对其组织文化以及安全方面做法的认知）。我们利用对1746名有职业暴露于血源性病原体风险的医护人员的便利样本进行横断面调查所获得的数据进行了二次分析，以评估格申的安全氛围衡量指标的有效性和可靠性。研究结果显示，安全氛围与员工的性别、年龄、教育程度、在职年限、职业、每日工作时长、感知风险、对风险的态度以及培训之间没有关系。安全氛围与（1）医护人员遵守普遍预防措施以及（2）个人防护设备的可获得性之间存在关联，这为该安全氛围衡量指标的结构效度提供了支持。职业健康专业人员可以利用这些研究结果来评估员工对工作场所安全文化和做法的认知，并指导机构在与普遍预防措施相关的风险管理工作。
