环境作为自闭症的一个病因因素：一个新的研究方向。
The environment as an etiologic factor in autism: a new direction for research.
作者信息
London E A
机构信息
The National Alliance for Autism Research, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
出版信息
Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):401-4. doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108s3401.
Autism is one of a group of developmental disorders that have devastating lifelong effects on its victims. Despite the severity of the disease and the fact that it is relatively common (15 in 10,000), there is still little understanding of its etiology. Although believed to be highly genetic, no abnormal genes have been found. Recent findings in autism and in related disorders point to the possibility that the disease is caused by a gene-environment interaction. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the number of cases of autism is increasing dramatically each year. It is not clear whether this is due to a real increase in the disease or whether this is an artifact of ascertainment. A new theory regarding the etiology of autism suggests that it may be a disease of very early fetal development (approximately day 20-24 of gestation). This theory has initiated new lines of investigation into developmental genes. Environmental exposures during pregnancy could cause or contribute to autism based on the neurobiology of these genes.
自闭症是一组发育障碍疾病之一，会对患者造成终身的毁灭性影响。尽管该疾病严重且相对常见（万分之十五），但其病因仍知之甚少。虽然普遍认为自闭症具有高度遗传性，但尚未发现异常基因。自闭症及相关疾病的最新研究结果表明，该疾病可能由基因与环境的相互作用引起。流行病学研究表明，自闭症病例数每年都在急剧增加。目前尚不清楚这是由于该疾病实际发病率上升，还是诊断方面的人为因素所致。一种关于自闭症病因的新理论认为，它可能是一种胎儿早期发育（大约妊娠第20 - 24天）的疾病。这一理论开启了对发育基因的新研究方向。基于这些基因的神经生物学特性，孕期的环境暴露可能导致自闭症或促使其发病。
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