Martínez Martínez A, Menéndez Martínez D, Sánchez Trapiello M J, Seoane Vicente M, Suárez Gil P
Centro de Salud La Calzada (Gijón), Unidad Docente Provincial de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Asturias.
Aten Primaria. 2000 Mar 31;25(5):313-9. doi: 10.1016/s0212-6567(00)78511-8.
To calculate the prevalence of eating attitudes which determine eating disorders and their relationship to social, personal and cultural variables.
Prevalence study.
Centres of secondary education. Gijón Health Area (Asturias). Secondary school students (n = 17,000) selected by multi-stage stratified sampling.
The self-filled questionnaire included: social and personal variables, and Eating Attitudes Test 26 (anorexic conduct defined as scores = 20). Women also filled in the "Questionnaire on Influences on the Aesthetic Model of the Body" (CIMEC-26). There were 860 valid questionnaires, with 50% women. There was 12.8% prevalence of anorexic attitudes among women (95% CI, 9-16.5), and 1.8% among men (CI, 0.8-2.8). In the group with anorexic attitudes, 87.3% were women, with mean age 16.4; 88.3% lived in a city; 84% were in middle and middle-to-low social classes; 92% were studying their bachillerato; 28.5% attended private schools; 27% undertook activities related to having a thin body; 18.3% had separated parents; 27% had mothers working outside the home; 39.7% saw themselves as fat; and 81% wished to slim. The following variables showed statistically significant differences with the normal population: sex (OR = 7.7; 95% CI, 4.5-13.4), separated parents (OR = 1.9; CI, 1.4-2.8), undertaking activities relating to having a thin body (OR = 3.7; CI, 2.7-5.2); thinking oneself fat (OR = 4.7; CI, 3.1-7.1) and wishing to slim (OR = 7.2; CI, 4.6-11.2). 94.5% of women with disordered conduct showed a disorder on the CIMEC-26.
There is a high prevalence of eating habits similar to those of patients with anorexia nervosa, which are related to the following variables: being a woman, having separated parents, seeing oneself as fat, desiring to slim and undertaking activities related to having a thin body. We observed no significant differences with the normal population in other social and personal variables. The socially imposed aesthetic model of the body determines anorexic conduct in women.
计算决定饮食失调的饮食态度患病率及其与社会、个人和文化变量的关系。
患病率研究。
中等教育中心。希洪健康区（阿斯图里亚斯）。通过多阶段分层抽样选取的中学生（n = 17,000）。
自行填写的问卷包括：社会和个人变量，以及饮食态度测试26（将厌食行为定义为得分≥20）。女性还填写了“身体审美模式影响调查问卷”（CIMEC - 26）。有效问卷共860份，其中女性占50%。女性中厌食态度的患病率为12.8%（95%置信区间，9 - 16.5），男性为1.8%（置信区间，0.8 - 2.8）。在有厌食态度的人群中，87.3%为女性，平均年龄16.4岁；88.3%居住在城市；84%属于中及中低社会阶层；92%正在学习高中课程；28.5%就读于私立学校；27%参与与追求瘦体型相关的活动；18.3%的父母离异；27%的母亲在外工作；39.7%认为自己胖；81%希望减肥。以下变量与正常人群相比有统计学显著差异：性别（比值比 = 7.7；95%置信区间，4.5 - 13.4）、父母离异（比值比 = 1.9；置信区间，1.4 - 2.8）、参与与追求瘦体型相关的活动（比值比 = 3.7；置信区间，2.7 - 5.2）、认为自己胖（比值比 = 4.7；置信区间，3.1 - 7.1）以及希望减肥（比值比 = 7.2；置信区间，4.6 - 11.2）。94.5%有行为紊乱的女性在CIMEC - 26问卷上显示有紊乱情况。
与神经性厌食症患者相似的饮食习惯患病率较高，这些习惯与以下变量有关：女性、父母离异、认为自己胖、渴望减肥以及参与与追求瘦体型相关的活动。我们在其他社会和个人变量方面未观察到与正常人群有显著差异。社会强加的身体审美模式决定了女性的厌食行为。
