Nussbaum M A, Chaffin D B, Stump B S, Baker G, Foulke J
Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2000 Jun;31(3):227-37. doi: 10.1016/s0003-6870(99)00062-9.
The risk of musculoskeletal injury associated with manual materials handling tasks has led in part to the use of material handling manipulators, yet there is limited empirical data to facilitate selection, design, and evaluation of these devices. A laboratory study of two types of mechanical manipulators (articulated arm and overhead hoist) was conducted of short-distance transfers of moderate loads, and the influence of various task parameters and transfer method on motion times, peak hand forces, and torso kinematics was obtained. Use of manipulators increased elemental motion times for symmetric sagittal plane transfers by 36-63%, and asymmetric transfers (in the frontal plane) by 62-115%, compared to similar transfers performed manually. Peak hand forces were significantly lower with both manipulators (40-50%), and approximately 10% higher for asymmetric versus symmetric transfers. Overall torso kinematics were grossly similar with and without a manipulator. These results suggest that for self-paced job tasks, moderate mass objects will be transferred slower over short distances and with lower levels of external (hand) forces when using mechanical aids. These simple effects, however, were influenced by object mass and transfer height.
与人工搬运任务相关的肌肉骨骼损伤风险在一定程度上促使了物料搬运机械手的使用，然而，用于辅助这些设备选型、设计和评估的实证数据有限。针对中等负荷的短距离搬运，开展了一项关于两种类型机械机械手（关节臂式和桥式起重机）的实验室研究，得出了各种任务参数和搬运方法对运动时间、手部峰值力和躯干运动学的影响。与手动进行的类似搬运相比，使用机械手时，对称矢状面搬运的基本运动时间增加了36%至63%，非对称搬运（在额状面）增加了62%至115%。两种机械手的手部峰值力均显著降低（40%至50%），非对称搬运的峰值力比对称搬运高出约10%。无论有无机械手，整体躯干运动学大致相似。这些结果表明，对于自主节奏的工作任务，使用机械辅助设备时，中等质量的物体在短距离内的搬运速度会较慢，且外部（手部）受力水平较低。然而，这些简单的影响会受到物体质量和搬运高度的影响。
