Li X, Stanton B, Feigelman S
Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown 26506-9214, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2000 Jul;27(1):49-56. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00092-6.
To determine the stability of perceived parental monitoring over time and its long-term effect on health risk behaviors among low-income, urban African-American children and adolescents.
Prospective, longitudinal follow-up (4 years).
A total of 383 African-American youth aged 9-15 years at baseline recruited from nine recreation centers serving three public housing communities in an Eastern city.
A six-item measure assessing perceived parental monitoring and an 11-item self-reported measure assessing unprotected sex, drug use, and drug trafficking were administered at baseline and at regular intervals over the subsequent 4 years.
Concordance was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficients at the level of scale and by kappa scores at the level of items. The association between the monitoring score and risk involvement was determined by stepwise multiple regression analysis including parental monitoring, age, gender, intervention status, and two-way interactions between parental monitoring and age, gender, intervention status as independent variables.
The perception of being monitored demonstrated consistency over time. Parental monitoring was inversely correlated with all three targeted risk behaviors cross-sectionally and prospectively.
These data provide evidence for an inverse relationship between perceived parental monitoring and risk involvement cross-sectionally and longitudinally. These data support the long-term effect of perceived parental monitoring on risk behaviors among urban, low-income African-American children and adolescents. Coupled with some evidence suggesting that directed interventions might be able to increase parental monitoring, this study provides a solid platform for reinforcing the importance of parental monitoring and directing intervention efforts at strengthening parental monitoring to reduce adolescent risk behaviors.
确定低收入城市非裔美国儿童和青少年中，父母监控感随时间的稳定性及其对健康风险行为的长期影响。
前瞻性纵向随访（4年）。
从东部城市三个公共住房社区的九个娱乐中心招募了383名基线年龄为9 - 15岁的非裔美国青少年。
在基线时以及随后4年定期使用一项包含六个条目的量表评估父母监控感，以及一项包含十一个条目的自我报告量表评估无保护性行为、药物使用和毒品交易情况。
通过皮尔逊相关系数在量表层面以及卡帕分数在条目层面评估一致性。通过逐步多元回归分析确定监控分数与风险行为参与之间的关联，多元回归分析将父母监控、年龄、性别、干预状态以及父母监控与年龄、性别、干预状态之间的双向交互作用作为自变量。
被监控的感觉随时间表现出一致性。父母监控在横断面和前瞻性研究中均与所有三种目标风险行为呈负相关。
这些数据为父母监控感与风险行为参与之间的横断面和纵向负相关关系提供了证据。这些数据支持了父母监控感对城市低收入非裔美国儿童和青少年风险行为的长期影响。结合一些证据表明定向干预可能能够增加父母监控，本研究为强化父母监控的重要性以及指导干预措施以加强父母监控从而减少青少年风险行为提供了坚实的平台。
