Valido Alberto, Merrin Gabriel J, Espelage Dorothy L, Robinson Luz E, Nickodem Kyle, Ingram Katherine M, El Sheikh America J, Torgal Cagil, Fairclough Javari
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA.
J Early Adolesc. 2022 Nov;42(9):1115-1151. doi: 10.1177/02724316211002271. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Bias-based aggression at school in the form of homophobic name-calling is quite prevalent among early adolescents. Homophobic name-calling is associated with low academic performance, higher risky sexual behaviors, and substance abuse, among other adverse outcomes. This longitudinal study examined risk and protective factors across multiple domains of the social ecology (individual, peer, family, school and community) and levels of analysis (within- and between-person) associated with homophobic name-calling perpetration and victimization. Students from four middle schools in the U.S. Midwest ( = 1,655; age = 12.75; range = 10-16 years) were surveyed four times (Spring/Fall 2008, Spring/Fall 2009). For homophobic name-calling perpetration, significant risk factors included impulsivity, social dominance, traditional masculinity, family violence, and neighborhood violence; while empathy, peer support, school belonging, and adult support were significant protective factors. For homophobic name-calling victimization, significant risk factors included empathy (between-person), impulsivity, traditional masculinity, family violence, and neighborhood violence, while empathy (within-person), parental monitoring, peer support, school belonging, and adult support were significant protective factors.
在青少年早期，校园中以恐同辱骂形式出现的基于偏见的攻击行为相当普遍。恐同辱骂与学业成绩低、更高的危险性行为以及药物滥用等其他不良后果相关。这项纵向研究考察了社会生态多个领域（个体、同伴、家庭、学校和社区）以及分析层面（个体内和个体间）中与实施恐同辱骂行为和成为受害者相关的风险因素和保护因素。对美国中西部四所中学的学生（ = 1655人；年龄 = 12.75岁；范围 = 10 - 16岁）进行了四次调查（2008年春/秋、2009年春/秋）。对于实施恐同辱骂行为，显著的风险因素包括冲动性、社会支配性、传统男性气质、家庭暴力和邻里暴力；而同理心、同伴支持、学校归属感和成人支持则是显著的保护因素。对于成为恐同辱骂行为的受害者，显著的风险因素包括（个体间的）同理心、冲动性、传统男性气质、家庭暴力和邻里暴力，而（个体内的）同理心、父母监督、同伴支持、学校归属感和成人支持则是显著的保护因素。
