Yang Hongmei, Stanton Bonita, Li Xiaoming, Cottrel Lesley, Galbraith Jennifer, Kaljee Linda
The Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2007 May;99(5):517-24.
To examine: (1) the relationship between parental monitoring and communication and adolescent risk involvement over time, including consideration of their potential interaction; and (2) the effect of consistent versus inconsistent monitoring and communication over time on adolescent risk behaviors.
Baseline and follow-up data were collected from 1999-2003. A total of 817 African-American adolescents and their parents were recruited from 35 low-income urban communities in Baltimore, MD. Perceived parental monitoring, parent-adolescent communication and seven risk behaviors were assessed. Logistic general estimating equation (GEE) models were performed to assess the dynamic association.
Perceived parental monitoring had protective effects on concurrent adolescent risk involvement over two-year observation. The protective effect on girls' sexual abstinence increased significantly over time. Perceived problem communication was associated with increased risk of concurrent involvement in violent behaviors, but the effect did not change over time. For girls, the probability of engaging in sex increased greatly (from 0.3 to 0.6) for those who perceived problem communication, while it remained stable (about 0.4) for those perceiving less problem communication.
The data confirm the protective effect of perceived parental monitoring on adolescent risk involvement. It also extends previous findings by showing the importance of consistent parental monitoring and communication.
研究：（1）父母监督与沟通随时间推移与青少年风险行为参与之间的关系，包括考虑它们的潜在相互作用；（2）随时间推移，持续与不持续的监督及沟通对青少年风险行为的影响。
收集了1999年至2003年的基线和随访数据。从马里兰州巴尔的摩市35个低收入城市社区招募了总共817名非裔美国青少年及其父母。评估了父母的感知监督、亲子沟通以及七种风险行为。采用逻辑广义估计方程（GEE）模型来评估动态关联。
在两年的观察期内，父母的感知监督对青少年同时期的风险行为参与具有保护作用。对女孩性节制的保护作用随时间显著增加。感知到的问题沟通与同时期暴力行为参与风险的增加相关，但这种影响随时间没有变化。对于女孩来说，感知到问题沟通的人发生性行为的概率大幅增加（从0.3增至0.6），而感知到较少问题沟通的人这一概率保持稳定（约0.4）。
数据证实了父母感知监督对青少年风险行为参与的保护作用。研究还通过表明持续的父母监督与沟通的重要性扩展了先前的研究结果。
