Koutcherov Y, Mai J K, Ashwell K W, Paxinos G
School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia.
J Comp Neurol. 2000 Jul 24;423(2):299-318.
The cyto- and chemoarchitecture of the human paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Pa) was studied with the aid of three-dimensional computer reconstruction. The adult human Pa is a vertically elongated structure that abuts the wall of the third ventricle (3V) medially and is indented dorsolaterally by the descending fornix. Chemoarchitecture revealed the following five subnuclei in the human Pa. The most prominent of these is the magnocellular subnucleus (PaM) occupying the ventrolateral quadrant of the Pa and comprised of a concentration of large arginin-vasopressin (AVP)- and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive cells, and small calbindin (Cb)-positive neurons. Rostrally, the PaM is succeeded by the small anterior parvicellular subnucleus (PaAP), which contains small AChE-, AVP- and tyrosin hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells. Dorsal to the PaM is found the dorsal subnucleus (PaD), containing large spindle-shaped TH-, oxytocin (OXY)-, and AChE-positive cells, as well as a population of small Cb-positive neurons. Abutting the wall of the 3V and medial to PaM and PaD is the parvicellular subnucleus (PaP). The PaP contains small cells immunoreactive for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), neuromedin K receptor (NK3), and nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (SMI32). The posterior subnucleus (PaPo) is situated posterior to the descending column of the fornix; it replaces all above-mentioned subdivisions caudally, and is a chemoarchitectonic amalgam that includes dispersed large AChE-, OXY-, AVP- and TH-positive cells, as well as small NK3-, CRF-, SMI32- and Cb-immunoreactive neurons. The present findings suggest that the human PaM and PaD are homologues to the magnocellular subnuclei of the rat Pa, whereas the human PaP and PaPo correspond to the rat medial parvicellular and posterior subnuclei, respectively.
借助三维计算机重建技术，对人下丘脑室旁核（Pa）的细胞结构和化学结构进行了研究。成人的Pa是一个垂直拉长的结构，内侧邻接第三脑室（3V）壁，背外侧被下行的穹窿压迹。化学结构研究显示人Pa中有以下五个亚核。其中最突出的是大细胞亚核（PaM），占据Pa的腹外侧象限，由大量精氨酸加压素（AVP）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）阳性细胞以及少量钙结合蛋白（Cb）阳性神经元聚集而成。在头侧，PaM之后是小的前小细胞亚核（PaAP），其中含有小的AChE、AVP和酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）阳性细胞。在PaM背侧发现背侧亚核（PaD），含有大的梭形TH、催产素（OXY）和AChE阳性细胞，以及一群小的Cb阳性神经元。邻接3V壁且在PaM和PaD内侧的是小细胞亚核（PaP）。PaP包含对促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）、神经降压素K受体（NK3）和非磷酸化神经丝蛋白（SMI32）免疫反应阳性的小细胞。后亚核（PaPo）位于穹窿降柱后方；在尾侧它取代了上述所有分区，是一个化学结构混合体，包括分散的大AChE、OXY、AVP和TH阳性细胞，以及小的NK3、CRF、SMI32和Cb免疫反应阳性神经元。目前的研究结果表明，人PaM和PaD与大鼠Pa的大细胞亚核同源，而人PaP和PaPo分别对应于大鼠内侧小细胞亚核和后亚核。
