Galloway G P, Frederick-Osborne S L, Seymour R, Contini S E, Smith D E
Drug Detoxification, Rehabilitation, and Aftercare Program, Haight-Ashbury Free Clinics, 603 Clayton Street, 94117, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.
Alcohol. 2000 Apr;20(3):263-9. doi: 10.1016/s0741-8329(99)00090-7.
Gamma-hydroxbutyric acid is a compound found in mammalian brain that is structurally related to the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid effects dopaminergic systems in the brain and may be a neurotransmitter. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid was first reported as a drug of abuse in 1990 and continues to be abused by bodybuilders, participants of "rave" dance parties, and polydrug abusers. Physical dependence can develop after prolonged, high-dose use, and overdoses have been widely reported. Its use in sexual assaults as a "date rape" drug and availability on the internet have recently emerged. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid has established efficacy as an anesthetic agent, and preliminary evidence supports its utility in the treatment of alcohol dependence, opiate dependence, and narcolepsy.
γ-羟基丁酸是一种存在于哺乳动物大脑中的化合物，其结构与神经递质γ-氨基丁酸和谷氨酸有关。γ-羟基丁酸会影响大脑中的多巴胺能系统，可能是一种神经递质。γ-羟基丁酸于1990年首次被报道为滥用药物，目前仍被健美运动员、“锐舞”派对参与者和多种药物滥用者滥用。长期高剂量使用后可能会产生身体依赖性，并且过量使用的情况已被广泛报道。最近出现了其作为“约会强奸”药物在性侵犯中的使用以及在互联网上的可得性。γ-羟基丁酸已被确认为一种有效的麻醉剂，初步证据支持其在治疗酒精依赖、阿片类药物依赖和发作性睡病方面的效用。
