Maitre M, Andriamampandry C, Kemmel V, Schmidt C, Hodé Y, Hechler V, Gobaille S
Institute of Biochemistry and ER 2072 CNRS Faculty of Medicine, 11 Rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
Alcohol. 2000 Apr;20(3):277-83. doi: 10.1016/s0741-8329(99)00092-0.
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid was synthesized 35 years ago to obtain a GABAergic substance that penetrates the brain freely. Since then, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid has been used in human beings for its sedative and anesthetic properties when administered at high doses, and most of the studies on gamma-hydroxybutyric acid have focused on its pharmacological effects. However, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid is also an endogenous substance, which is synthesized and released in the brain by specific neuronal pathways, implicated in the control of the GABAergic, dopaminergic, and opioid systems. This control is mediated by specific gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptors with a unique distribution in brain and a specific ontogenesis and pharmacology. Stimulation of these receptors induces specific cellular responses. Taken together, these results suggest that gamma-hydroxybutyric acid possesses most of the properties required of a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in the brain.
γ-羟基丁酸于35年前被合成出来，目的是获得一种能够自由穿透大脑的γ-氨基丁酸能物质。从那时起，γ-羟基丁酸在高剂量给药时因其镇静和麻醉特性而被用于人类，并且大多数关于γ-羟基丁酸的研究都集中在其药理作用上。然而，γ-羟基丁酸也是一种内源性物质，它通过特定的神经元途径在大脑中合成和释放，参与γ-氨基丁酸能、多巴胺能和阿片样物质系统的调控。这种调控由特定的γ-羟基丁酸受体介导，这些受体在大脑中具有独特的分布以及特定的个体发生过程和药理学特性。对这些受体的刺激会诱导特定的细胞反应。综上所述，这些结果表明γ-羟基丁酸具备大脑中神经递质/神经调节剂所需的大部分特性。
