Laberge L, Tremblay R E, Vitaro F, Montplaisir J
Centre d'Etude du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Pediatrics. 2000 Jul;106(1 Pt 1):67-74. doi: 10.1542/peds.106.1.67.
This study examines the prevalence and developmental changes of parasomnias and assesses gender differences, relationships between parasomnias, and associations with anxiety and family adversity using data collected during the course of a longitudinal study of a representative sample of children from Québec.
The present analyses are based on results available for 664 boys and 689 girls for whom mothers have completed questions concerning demographics, parasomnias, and anxiety level. For the prevalence and developmental aspects of parasomnias, prospective data were collected at annual intervals from 11 to 13 years old and retrospective data for the period between ages 3 and 10 years were collected when the children were 10 years old.
Somniloquy, leg restlessness, and sleep bruxism are the most frequent parasomnias. More girls were afflicted with leg restlessness, while enuresis and somniloquy were more common in boys. High anxiety scores were found in children suffering from night terrors, somniloquy, leg restlessness, sleep bruxism, and body rocking. Parasomnias were unrelated to the index of family adversity.
Although sleepwalking, night terrors, enuresis, and body rocking dramatically decreased during childhood, somniloquy, leg restlessness, and sleep bruxism were still highly prevalent at age 13 years, paralleling results found in adults. Sleepwalking, night terrors, and somniloquy are conditions often found together. The only robust gender difference was for enuresis. High anxiety scores in parasomnias are reported for the first time in a large, controlled study. Sociodemographic variables do not seem to play a major role in the occurrence of parasomnias.
本研究利用从魁北克有代表性的儿童样本纵向研究过程中收集的数据，调查异态睡眠的患病率和发育变化，并评估性别差异、异态睡眠之间的关系以及与焦虑和家庭逆境的关联。
本分析基于664名男孩和689名女孩的可用结果，这些孩子的母亲完成了有关人口统计学、异态睡眠和焦虑水平的问题。对于异态睡眠的患病率和发育方面，在11至13岁期间每年收集前瞻性数据，并在孩子10岁时收集3至10岁期间的回顾性数据。
梦呓、腿部不安和磨牙症是最常见的异态睡眠。更多女孩受腿部不安困扰，而遗尿症和梦呓在男孩中更为普遍。患有夜惊、梦呓、腿部不安、磨牙症和身体摇晃的儿童焦虑得分较高。异态睡眠与家庭逆境指数无关。
尽管梦游、夜惊、遗尿症和身体摇晃在儿童期显著减少，但梦呓、腿部不安和磨牙症在13岁时仍然非常普遍，这与在成年人中发现的结果相似。梦游、夜惊和梦呓往往同时出现。唯一明显的性别差异是遗尿症。在一项大型对照研究中首次报告了异态睡眠中焦虑得分较高的情况。社会人口统计学变量似乎在异态睡眠的发生中不起主要作用。
