Neurology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
J Neurol. 2010 Jul;257(7):1141-7. doi: 10.1007/s00415-010-5479-6. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
Lifetime prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for parasomnias were determined. Past experiences of non-REM, REM, and sleep-transition parasomnias were recorded. Diaries of night sleep duration, parasomnias, perception of aliens, levels of physical activity, headaches and intake of all substances, drugs, and tobacco were kept for 14 consecutive days. A total of 276 subjects were studied. Lifetime prevalences (95% CI) were 725 (668-776) for occurrence of any parasomnia, 43 (25-74) for sleepwalking, 112 (80-155) for sleep terror, 475 (416-533) for nightmares, 225 (179-277) for sleep paralysis, 43 (25-74) for sleep starts, 322 (270-380) for sleep talking, and 344 (291-402) for enuresis. Incidences (95% CI) were 210 (166-262) for occurrence of any parasomnia, 14 (6-37) for sleepwalking, 11 (4-31) for sleep terror, 170 (131-219) for confusional arousal, 18 (8-42) for nightmares, 14 (6-37) for sleep paralysis, 33 (17-61) for sleep starts, and 4 (1-20) for sleep enuresis. Multivariate analysis showed associations of increase occurrence of parasomnias and duration of sleep >7 h (p < 0.05) and intake of alcohol (p < 0.001), but heavy workload before sleep was associated with decreased occurrence of parasomnias (p < 0.01). Gender, smoking, caffeinated drinks, hypnotics, and headaches were not associated with parasomnias. Incidence of presence of aliens (95% CI) in the room was 25(0/infinity) (12-51). This study shows that more than 70% of the population have experienced parasomnias at any time in the past. Nightmares, enuresis, sleep paralysis and night terrors are the commonest parasomnias experienced in the past, while confusional arousal, sleep starts, and nightmares are the commonest parasomnias currently experienced. Incidence estimates show that all parasomnias persist into adulthood at reduced rates, but reduction of occurrence was greatest for enuresis. Long duration of night sleep and intake of alcohol predisposed subjects to higher occurrence of parasomnias.
确定了各种睡眠障碍的终身患病率、发病率和危险因素。记录了非快速眼动（NREM）、快速眼动（REM）和睡眠转换期睡眠障碍的既往发作情况。连续 14 天记录夜间睡眠时间、睡眠障碍、外星人知觉、身体活动水平、头痛以及所有物质、药物和烟草的摄入情况。共有 276 名受试者参与了研究。任何睡眠障碍的终身患病率（95%CI）为 725（668-776），梦游症为 43（25-74），睡眠恐怖症为 112（80-155），噩梦为 475（416-533），睡眠瘫痪为 225（179-277），睡眠起始为 43（25-74），睡眠说话为 322（270-380），遗尿为 344（291-402）。任何睡眠障碍的发病率（95%CI）为 210（166-262），梦游症为 14（6-37），睡眠恐怖症为 11（4-31），混乱觉醒为 170（131-219），噩梦为 18（8-42），睡眠瘫痪为 14（6-37），睡眠起始为 33（17-61），遗尿为 4（1-20）。多变量分析显示，睡眠障碍发生率增加与睡眠时间>7 小时（p<0.05）和饮酒（p<0.001）有关，但睡前工作量大与睡眠障碍发生率降低有关（p<0.01）。性别、吸烟、含咖啡因饮料、催眠药和头痛与睡眠障碍无关。房间内有外星人存在的发生率（95%CI）为 25（0/infinity）（12-51）。这项研究表明，过去有超过 70%的人经历过睡眠障碍。过去最常见的睡眠障碍是噩梦、遗尿、睡眠瘫痪和夜惊，而目前最常见的睡眠障碍是混乱觉醒、睡眠起始和噩梦。发病率估计表明，所有睡眠障碍在成年后仍持续存在，但遗尿症的发生率下降幅度最大。夜间睡眠时间长和饮酒会增加睡眠障碍的发生。
