Nakazawa T
Department of Microbiology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine.
Nihon Rinsho. 2000 Jun;58(6):1315-25.
The whole genome information on pathogenic bacteria opened a new era of medical microbiology. Bacteria have a variety of strategies to survive in human body against host defense. Bacteria colonizing on the mucous cell surface and proliferate extracellularly have developed a number of paralogs of surface proteins for antigenic variation, while bacteria which proliferate intracellularly have acquired genes for invasion and anti-active oxygen. The obligate intracellular parasites, Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae, have developed a distinct energy metabolism depending on the intracellular localization; Rickettsia prowazekii has TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to proliferate in the cytoplasm, while Chlamydiae have a glycolytic pathway and substrate-level phosphorylation to multiply within an organella called inclusion bodies.
病原菌的全基因组信息开启了医学微生物学的新纪元。细菌有多种在人体内存活以抵御宿主防御的策略。定殖于黏液细胞表面并在细胞外增殖的细菌已经进化出许多表面蛋白旁系同源物用于抗原变异，而在细胞内增殖的细菌则获得了用于入侵和抗活性氧的基因。专性细胞内寄生菌立克次氏体和衣原体根据其在细胞内的定位发展出了独特的能量代谢方式；普氏立克次氏体具有三羧酸循环和氧化磷酸化以在细胞质中增殖，而衣原体具有糖酵解途径和底物水平磷酸化以在一种称为包涵体的细胞器内繁殖。
