Fuller R K, Hiller-Sturmhöfel S
Division of Clinical and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Alcohol Res Health. 1999;23(2):69-77.
On any given day, more than 700,000 people in the United States receive alcoholism treatment in either inpatient or outpatient settings. For many of those patients, detoxification--with or without pharmacotherapy--is the first step of treatment. The major behavioral approaches currently used in alcoholism treatment include cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or related 12-step programs. Clinical studies, such as the Project MATCH trial, have compared the effectiveness of these approaches. Overall, that study detected no significant differences among the three treatments in patient outcome, although certain treatment methodologies may be most appropriate for patients with certain characteristics. Pharmacotherapy with aversive or anticraving medications may supplement behavioral treatment approaches. Brief interventions that are delivered by primary health care providers also have been shown to reduce drinking levels, particularly in nondependent drinkers.
在任何一天，美国有超过70万人在住院或门诊环境中接受酒精成瘾治疗。对于这些患者中的许多人来说，无论是否采用药物治疗，脱毒都是治疗的第一步。目前用于酒精成瘾治疗的主要行为方法包括认知行为疗法、动机增强疗法以及戒酒互助会（AA）或相关的12步计划。临床研究，如“匹配计划”试验，比较了这些方法的有效性。总体而言，该研究发现这三种治疗方法在患者治疗结果上没有显著差异，尽管某些治疗方法可能最适合具有某些特征的患者。使用厌恶或抗渴望药物进行药物治疗可能会辅助行为治疗方法。初级医疗保健提供者进行的简短干预也已被证明可以降低饮酒量，尤其是在非依赖性饮酒者中。
