Rohsenow D J, Monti P M
Addictive Behavior Research Laboratory, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Alcohol Res Health. 1999;23(3):225-32.
The urge to drink, also often referred to as craving, is an emotional state in which a person is motivated to seek and use alcohol. In abstinent alcoholics, this urge may contribute to the risk of relapse. Researchers have developed several models--including the conditioned withdrawal model, conditioned appetitive motivational model, social learning model, and information-processing model--to describe the role of urges in relapse. Several studies have evaluated the role of urges in predicting alcoholism treatment outcome and relapse. Some findings indicate that the degree of urge an alcoholic experiences when confronted with a simulated high-risk situation at the end of alcoholism treatment can predict subsequent drinking. Other studies, however, show inconsistent results regarding the role of urges in predicting treatment outcome. Overall, the study results suggest that urges do not necessarily increase the risk of relapse but may actually protect some drinkers against further drinking.
饮酒冲动，通常也被称为渴望，是一种情绪状态，在此状态下，一个人被驱使去寻找并饮用酒精。在戒酒的酗酒者中，这种冲动可能会增加复发的风险。研究人员已经开发了几种模型——包括条件性戒断模型、条件性食欲动机模型、社会学习模型和信息处理模型——来描述冲动在复发中的作用。几项研究评估了冲动在预测酒精中毒治疗结果和复发方面的作用。一些研究结果表明，在酒精中毒治疗结束时，酗酒者在面对模拟高风险情境时所体验到的冲动程度可以预测其随后的饮酒情况。然而，其他研究在冲动对预测治疗结果的作用方面显示出不一致的结果。总体而言，研究结果表明，冲动不一定会增加复发的风险，实际上可能会保护一些饮酒者避免进一步饮酒。
