Guy R J, Glover M A, Cripps N P
St Mark's Hospital, Northwood.
J R Nav Med Serv. 2000;86(1):27-31.
There are some structures in which changes consistent with primary blast may be found despite secondary and tertiary blast being the most frequent sources of injury. The Central Nervous System for example, especially the brain, is well protected yet there are historical and experimental accounts of damage which cannot be attributed to secondary or tertiary blast or even air embolism resulting from pulmonary disruption. Similarly, analysis and experimental simulation of specific skeletal injuries has shown that primary blast alone can fracture bones and that it is likely to be responsible for limb avulsions in victims exposed to stress waves of sufficiently high intensity.
尽管二次和三次爆炸是最常见的致伤原因，但仍有一些结构中可发现与原发性爆炸相符的变化。例如，中枢神经系统，尤其是大脑，受到良好保护，但有历史记载和实验表明，存在无法归因于二次或三次爆炸甚至肺部破裂导致的空气栓塞的损伤情况。同样，对特定骨骼损伤的分析和实验模拟表明，仅原发性爆炸就能导致骨折，而且在暴露于强度足够高的应力波的受害者中，原发性爆炸很可能是肢体撕裂的原因。
