Hipkiss A R, Brownson C
Biomolecular Sciences Division, GKT School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, UK.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000 May;57(5):747-53. doi: 10.1007/s000180050039.
The naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is found in surprisingly large amounts in long-lived tissues and can delay ageing in cultured human fibroblasts. Carnosine has been regarded largely as an anti-oxidant and free radical scavenger. More recently, an anti-glycating potential has been discovered whereby carnosine can react with low-molecular-weight compounds that bear carbonyl groups (aldehydes and ketones). Carbonyl groups, arising mostly from the attack of reactive oxygen species and low-molecular-weight aldehydes and ketones, accumulate on proteins during ageing. Here we propose, with supporting evidence, that carnosine can react with protein carbonyl groups to produce protein-carbonyl-carnosine adducts ('carnosinylated' proteins). The various possible cellular fates of the carnosinylated proteins are discussed. These proposals may help explain anti-ageing actions of carnosine and its presence in non-mitotic cells of long-lived mammals.
天然存在的二肽肌肽（β-丙氨酰-L-组氨酸）在长寿组织中的含量惊人地高，并且可以延缓培养的人成纤维细胞的衰老。肌肽在很大程度上被视为一种抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂。最近，人们发现了其抗糖基化潜力，即肌肽可以与带有羰基的低分子量化合物（醛和酮）发生反应。羰基主要由活性氧以及低分子量醛和酮的攻击产生，在衰老过程中会在蛋白质上积累。在这里，我们提供支持证据，提出肌肽可以与蛋白质羰基反应生成蛋白质-羰基-肌肽加合物（“肌肽化”蛋白质）。本文讨论了肌肽化蛋白质各种可能的细胞命运。这些观点可能有助于解释肌肽的抗衰老作用及其在长寿哺乳动物的非有丝分裂细胞中的存在。
