Counter S A, Buchanan L H, Ortega F, Rifai N
Department of Neurology/Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Neurotoxicology. 2000 Jun;21(3):301-8.
This study investigated blood lead (PbB) and hemoglobin (HbB) levels in 88 children (42 females and 46 males; ages: 2-15 years; mean age: 7.2) with chronic Pb exposure, living in a highly Pb-contaminated Andean village at above 2800 meters. The mean PbB level for 88 venous blood samples was 43.2 microg/dl (SD: 25.1; range: 6.2 - 128.2 microg/dl) measured by ICP-MS, and 42.0 microg/dl (SD: 26.0; range: 5.0 - 130.0 microg/dl) by GFAAS analysis. The mean PbB level for the 42 females was 41.0 microg/dl and for 46 males, 45.0 microg/dl. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant gender by age interaction (R2 = 0.099; F = 4.173, p = 0.044), indicating a relationship between age and PbB level for males, but not for females. Simple regression analysis showed a statistically significant positive correlation between PbB levels and age for males (r = 0.416, p = 0.004), but not for females (r = -0.042, p = .793). The measured mean HbB level for the 88 children was 12.6 g/dl (12.5 g/dl for females and 12.8 g/dl for males) and lower than expected for children living in the Ecuadorian Andes. The mean altitude-corrected HbB level was 10.9 g/dl (10.8 g/dl for females and 11.1 g/dl for males). A significant inverse correlation between PbB and HbB levels was observed for the group of 88 children (r = -0.292, p = 0.006). Multiple regression analyses indicated no significant age and gender interaction (R2 = 0.014; F = 0.025, p = 0.876) for HbB levels. In conclusion, the results of this investigation indicate that the children in this Pb-contaminated, high altitude study area had chronic elevated PbB levels, which increased with age for males, and probable Pb-induced anemia.
本研究调查了生活在海拔2800米以上、铅污染严重的安第斯村庄的88名慢性铅暴露儿童（42名女性和46名男性；年龄：2至15岁；平均年龄：7.2岁）的血铅（PbB）和血红蛋白（HbB）水平。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定的88份静脉血样本的平均血铅水平为43.2微克/分升（标准差：25.1；范围：6.2 - 128.2微克/分升），通过石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）分析测得的平均血铅水平为42.0微克/分升（标准差：26.0；范围：5.0 - 130.0微克/分升）。42名女性的平均血铅水平为41.0微克/分升，46名男性的平均血铅水平为45.0微克/分升。多元回归分析显示年龄与性别存在显著交互作用（R2 = 0.099；F = 4.173，p = 0.044），表明男性的年龄与血铅水平之间存在关联，而女性则不然。简单回归分析显示男性的血铅水平与年龄之间存在统计学上显著的正相关（r = 0.416，p = 0.004），而女性则无此相关性（r = -0.042，p = 0.793）。88名儿童测得的平均血红蛋白水平为12.6克/分升（女性为12.5克/分升，男性为12.8克/分升），低于生活在厄瓜多尔安第斯地区儿童的预期水平。海拔校正后的平均血红蛋白水平为10.9克/分升（女性为10.8克/分升，男性为11.1克/分升）。在88名儿童组中观察到血铅与血红蛋白水平之间存在显著的负相关（r = -0.292，p = 0.006）。多元回归分析表明血红蛋白水平不存在显著的年龄和性别交互作用（R2 = 0.014；F = 0.025，p = 0.876）。总之，本调查结果表明，在这个铅污染的高海拔研究区域，儿童的血铅水平长期升高，男性血铅水平随年龄增长而升高，且可能存在铅诱导的贫血。
