Bolger J T
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1975 Jan;56(1):36-9.
Heterotopic bone formation is osteogenesis that occurs in a part of the body that does not normally form bone. Alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphorylase) has a wide substrate specificity for catalyzing the hydrolysis of phosphate esters at an alkaline pH. The various isoenzymes are found to originate in the liver, bones, intestinal mucosa, and placenta. Numerous disorders are associated with elevations of the individual isoenzymes. The physiologic function of alkaline phosphatase is as yet unknown. The bone isoenzyme (heat labile) is found elevated in cases of heterotopic bone formation and fracture repair. Osteoblasts (bone forming cells) are unusually rich in alkaline phosphatase but the relationship of this enzyme to the process of calcification and bone formation is not clear. Alkaline phosphatase appears to be involved with the elaboration of matrix rather than with the process of mineralization in osteogenesis.
异位骨形成是指在身体通常不会形成骨骼的部位发生的骨生成。碱性磷酸酶（正磷酸单酯磷酸化酶）在碱性pH值下对催化磷酸酯水解具有广泛的底物特异性。已发现各种同工酶起源于肝脏、骨骼、肠黏膜和胎盘。许多疾病与个体同工酶的升高有关。碱性磷酸酶的生理功能尚不清楚。在异位骨形成和骨折修复的病例中发现骨同工酶（热不稳定）升高。成骨细胞（骨形成细胞）富含碱性磷酸酶，但这种酶与钙化和骨形成过程的关系尚不清楚。碱性磷酸酶似乎参与了基质的形成，而不是骨生成中的矿化过程。
