Wu Yan, Guo Xiaolan, Zhao Dehui, Xu Chao, Sun Haoran, Yang Qianlong, Wei Qianqian, Si Huazhe, Wang Kaiying, Zhang Tietao
Jilin Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jul 31;12(15):1950. doi: 10.3390/ani12151950.
Methionine is the first or second limiting amino acid for ruminants, such as sika deer, and has a variety of biological functions such as antioxidant activity, immune response, and protein synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of methionine supplementation on antler growth, serum biochemistry, rumen fermentation, and the bacterial community of sika deer during the antler-growing period. Twelve 4-year-old male sika deer were randomly assigned to three dietary groups supplemented with 0 g/day (n = 4, CON), 4.0 g/day (n = 4, LMet), and 6.0 g/day (n = 4, HMet) methionine. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the production performance between the three groups, but antler weight was higher in both the LMet and HMet groups than in the CON group. Methionine supplementation significantly increased the serum glutathione peroxidase activity (p < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G level was significantly higher in the HMet group than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). No significant effect was found on the apparent amino acid digestibility of the three groups, but cysteine and methionine digestibility were higher in the LMet group. The serum hydroxylysine level was significantly lower in the LMet and HMet groups, whereas the serum lysine level was significantly lower in the HMet group compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). The LMet group had the highest but a nonsignificant total volatile fatty acid content and significantly higher microbial protein content in the rumen than the CON group (p < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant in the rumen of the sika deer. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) results showed a significant change in the bacterial composition of the three groups (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Prevotella and Rikenellaceae-RC9 was significantly higher in the LMet group compared with the CON group and CON and HMet groups, respectively. These results revealed that methionine supplementation improved the antioxidant activity and immune status, affecting amino acid metabolism and rumen microbial composition of the sika deer.
蛋氨酸是反刍动物（如梅花鹿）的第一或第二限制性氨基酸，具有多种生物学功能，如抗氧化活性、免疫反应和蛋白质合成。本研究旨在探讨补充蛋氨酸对梅花鹿生茸期鹿茸生长、血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵及细菌群落的影响。将12只4岁雄性梅花鹿随机分为三个日粮组，分别补充0克/天（n = 4，CON）、4.0克/天（n = 4，LMet）和6.0克/天（n = 4，HMet）的蛋氨酸。三组之间的生产性能无显著差异（p > 0.05），但LMet组和HMet组的鹿茸重量均高于CON组。补充蛋氨酸显著提高了血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性（p < 0.05）。HMet组的血清免疫球蛋白G水平显著高于其他两组（p < 0.05）。三组的表观氨基酸消化率无显著影响，但LMet组的半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸消化率较高。LMet组和HMet组的血清羟赖氨酸水平显著降低，而HMet组的血清赖氨酸水平与CON组相比显著降低（p < 0.05）。LMet组的瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸含量最高但无显著差异，且微生物蛋白含量显著高于CON组（p < 0.05）。拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门在梅花鹿瘤胃中占主导地位。主坐标分析（PCoA）和相似性分析（ANOSIM）结果表明，三组的细菌组成有显著变化（p < 0.05）。与CON组相比，LMet组中普雷沃氏菌属和理研菌科-RC9的相对丰度分别显著高于CON组和CON组与HMet组。这些结果表明，补充蛋氨酸可提高梅花鹿的抗氧化活性和免疫状态，影响其氨基酸代谢和瘤胃微生物组成。
