Smith A, Thomas M, Whitney H
Centre for Occupational and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.
Ergonomics. 2000 Jun;43(6):752-63. doi: 10.1080/001401300404724.
The present study examined whether volunteers with common colds showed impairments in objective and subjective indicators of alertness over the course of the working day. All the volunteers (n = 21) were tested when healthy to provide baseline data for simple and choice reaction time tasks, visual search tasks and ratings of mood. These measures were taken before work (08.30 hours), at lunchtime (13.00) and after work (17.30). When participants developed a cold (n = 6) they repeated the procedure. Volunteers (n = 15) who remained healthy were recalled as controls and also repeated the procedures. The results showed that those with colds had significantly slower simple and choice reaction times, and felt less alert, more tense and less sociable. The effects of having a cold on simple reaction time, alertness and anxiety increased over the day. This extends earlier research and shows that some of the effects of upper respiratory tract illnesses on mood and performance will depend on when assessments are made. These results also imply that performance and well-being at work will be impaired by upper respiratory tract illnesses.
本研究调查了患普通感冒的志愿者在工作日期间的警觉性客观指标和主观指标是否出现受损情况。所有志愿者（n = 21）在健康时接受测试，以提供简单反应时间任务、选择反应时间任务、视觉搜索任务及情绪评分的基线数据。这些测量在工作前（08:30）、午餐时间（13:00）和工作后（17:30）进行。当参与者患上感冒时（n = 6），他们重复上述流程。被召回作为对照的健康志愿者（n = 15）也重复这些流程。结果显示，感冒的人简单反应时间和选择反应时间显著更慢，且感觉警觉性更低、更紧张且社交性更弱。感冒对简单反应时间、警觉性和焦虑的影响在一天中不断增强。这拓展了早期研究，并表明上呼吸道疾病对情绪和表现的一些影响将取决于评估时间。这些结果还意味着上呼吸道疾病会损害工作表现和幸福感。
