Ruusuvirta T
Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2000 Jun;7(2):327-31. doi: 10.3758/bf03212989.
Subjects compared pitches of a standard tone and a comparison tone separated by 1,300-3,000 msec and responded according to whether the comparison tone sounded higher or lower in pitch than the standard tone. Three interfering tones at 300-msec intervals were presented before each pair of tones. Their pitch range varied, being either below or above the pitch of the standard tone; in some of the trials, their pitches were identical to the pitch of the standard tone (no interference). The highest error rate in performance was found when the interfering tones and the comparison tone deviated in the same direction in pitch from the standard tone. In turn, their deviations in the opposite directions resulted in the lowest error rate. This effect was not found to be dependent on whether the interfering tones were randomly ordered or monotonically ordered, together with the standard tone, into melodically ascending/descending sequences. An intermediate error rate in performance was found when the interfering tones and the standard tone were identical. The results support earlier hypotheses, presented in the context of retroactive interference, by demonstrating proactive interference of a tone sequence at the level of representations of individual tones.
受试者比较一个标准音和一个比较音的音高，这两个音相隔1300 - 3000毫秒，然后根据比较音的音高相对于标准音是高还是低做出反应。在每对音调之前，以300毫秒的间隔呈现三个干扰音。它们的音高范围各不相同，要么低于标准音的音高，要么高于标准音的音高；在某些试验中，它们的音高与标准音的音高相同（无干扰）。当干扰音和比较音在音高上与标准音朝相同方向偏离时，发现表现中的错误率最高。反过来，它们朝相反方向的偏离导致错误率最低。没有发现这种效应取决于干扰音是随机排序还是与标准音一起按旋律升/降顺序单调排序。当干扰音与标准音相同时，发现表现中的错误率处于中间水平。这些结果通过证明在单个音调表征层面上音序列的前摄干扰，支持了在追溯干扰背景下提出的早期假设。
