Echavarria M, Kolavic S A, Cersovsky S, Mitchell F, Sanchez J L, Polyak C, Innis B L, Binn L N
Department of Virus Diseases, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.
J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Aug;38(8):2982-4. doi: 10.1128/JCM.38.8.2982-2984.2000.
Since 1954, adenoviruses (AdV) have been recognized as an important cause of acute respiratory disease (ARD) among U.S. military recruits. Until recently, routine oral vaccination for AdV serotypes 4 and 7 eliminated epidemic AdV-associated ARD in this population. Now that the manufacturer has ceased production, vaccination has ended and AdV epidemics have reappeared. As part of a prospective epidemiological study during the high-risk ARD season, serial samples were obtained from ventilation system filters and tested for AdV by culture and PCR. An outbreak occurred during this surveillance. Of 59 air filters, 26 (44%) were AdV positive only by PCR. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of AdV serotype 4, the implicated outbreak serotype. The number of AdV-related hospitalizations was directly correlated with the proportion of filters containing AdV; correlation coefficients were 0.86 (Pearson) and 0.90 (Spearman's rho). This is the first report describing a PCR method to detect airborne AdV during an ARD outbreak. It suggests that this technique can detect and quantify AdV-associated ARD exposure and may enable further definition of environmental effects on AdV-associated ARD spread.
自1954年以来，腺病毒（AdV）一直被认为是美国新兵急性呼吸道疾病（ARD）的一个重要病因。直到最近，针对4型和7型腺病毒血清型的常规口服疫苗接种消除了该人群中与腺病毒相关的ARD流行。由于制造商已停止生产，疫苗接种已经结束，腺病毒疫情再度出现。作为在ARD高危季节进行的一项前瞻性流行病学研究的一部分，从通风系统过滤器中获取了系列样本，并通过培养和PCR检测腺病毒。在此次监测期间发生了一次疫情。在59个空气过滤器中，26个（44%）仅通过PCR检测为腺病毒阳性。序列分析证实存在4型腺病毒血清型，即引发疫情的血清型。与腺病毒相关的住院人数与含有腺病毒的过滤器比例直接相关；相关系数分别为0.86（皮尔逊）和0.90（斯皮尔曼等级相关系数）。这是第一份描述在ARD疫情期间检测空气中腺病毒的PCR方法的报告。这表明该技术能够检测和量化与腺病毒相关的ARD暴露，并可能有助于进一步明确环境因素对与腺病毒相关的ARD传播的影响。
