Fullerton C S, Ursano R J, Vance K, Wang L
Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, USA.
Psychiatr Q. 2000 Fall;71(3):259-76. doi: 10.1023/a:1004634227908.
In this paper we address three areas. First we review the literature on clinical intervention using debriefing, second we examine who attends debriefings by looking at a study of the 1989 plane crash at Ramstein, Germany and lastly we examine the effect of natural debriefing, i.e., talking to family and friends on psychiatric outcome in disaster workers by looking at a study of the Sioux City, Iowa United plane crash, 1989. Our data suggest that those with high exposure and females were more likely to attend a debriefing. People most likely to talk about the disaster with spouse/significant other, coworker and/or another person were: those with acute PTSD, higher total and intrusive Impact of Event symptoms, older, married, those with higher levels of education and higher levels of disaster exposure. Better understanding of who attends formal debriefings will help identify potential high-risk groups. Similarly, whether talking about the disaster is associated with fewer or greater psychological symptoms is important to understanding the outcome, mechanisms, and risks of debriefing.
在本文中，我们探讨了三个领域。首先，我们回顾了关于使用汇报进行临床干预的文献；其次，我们通过对1989年德国拉姆施泰因空难的一项研究，考察了谁会参加汇报；最后，我们通过对1989年爱荷华州苏城联合航空公司空难的一项研究，考察了自然汇报（即与家人和朋友交谈）对灾难救援人员精神状态的影响。我们的数据表明，暴露程度高的人和女性更有可能参加汇报。最有可能与配偶/重要他人、同事和/或其他人谈论灾难的人是：患有急性创伤后应激障碍的人、事件影响总分和侵入性症状较高的人、年龄较大的人、已婚的人、受教育程度较高的人以及灾难暴露程度较高的人。更好地了解谁会参加正式汇报将有助于识别潜在的高危人群。同样，谈论灾难是否与较少或较多的心理症状相关，对于理解汇报的结果、机制和风险很重要。
