Harris R B
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2000;20:45-75. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.45.
Much attention has focused on the effects of leptin as a central satiety agent. There is now a significant amount of evidence that leptin is active in the periphery. This review focuses on the ability of leptin to modify insulin sensitivity, tissue metabolism, stress responses, and reproductive function. Leptin's effect on several of these systems is mediated via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Therefore, although in vitro studies provide evidence for direct effects on specific tissues and metabolic pathways, it is essential to consider the interactions between leptin and other regulatory factors in vivo. Little is known about the regulation of peripheral receptor expression or the production of binding proteins. Both of these factors determine the bioactivity of circulating leptin and have the potential to induce a peripheral resistance to leptin, similar to the central "leptin resistance" observed in obese subjects. Future research will clarify which of the endocrine and metabolic actions of peripheral leptin are of physiological relevance and which should be considered a pharmacological manipulation.
瘦素作为一种中枢饱腹感因子的作用已备受关注。现在有大量证据表明瘦素在外周也具有活性。本综述聚焦于瘦素调节胰岛素敏感性、组织代谢、应激反应及生殖功能的能力。瘦素对其中一些系统的作用是通过下丘脑 - 垂体轴介导的。因此，尽管体外研究为其对特定组织和代谢途径的直接作用提供了证据，但考虑瘦素与体内其他调节因子之间的相互作用至关重要。关于外周受体表达的调节或结合蛋白的产生知之甚少。这两个因素都决定了循环瘦素的生物活性，并有可能诱导外周对瘦素产生抵抗，类似于在肥胖受试者中观察到的中枢“瘦素抵抗”。未来的研究将阐明外周瘦素的哪些内分泌和代谢作用具有生理相关性，哪些应被视为一种药理学操作。
