Prentice A
MRC Human Nutrition Research, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2000;20:249-72. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.249.
Pregnancy and lactation are periods of high calcium requirement. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of calcium and bone metabolism during human pregnancy and lactation and discusses the findings in relation to the calcium nutrition of the mother. The evidence indicates that pregnancy and lactation are characterized by physiological adaptive processes that are independent of maternal calcium intake and that provide the calcium necessary for fetal growth and breast-milk production without requiring an increase in maternal calcium intake. There are firm data that demonstrate that a low calcium intake during lactation does not lead to impaired lactational performance or to exaggerated bone loss. However, more research is required to define whether a low calcium intake prior to or during pregnancy can have deleterious effects on reproductive and lactational performance, and on the long-term health of the mother and child.
怀孕和哺乳期是钙需求量很高的时期。本综述重点介绍了我们对人类怀孕和哺乳期钙及骨代谢理解的最新进展，并讨论了与母亲钙营养相关的研究结果。证据表明，怀孕和哺乳期的特点是生理适应性过程，这些过程独立于母体钙摄入量，并且在不需要增加母体钙摄入量的情况下为胎儿生长和母乳生产提供所需的钙。有确凿的数据表明，哺乳期钙摄入量低不会导致泌乳功能受损或骨量过度流失。然而，需要更多的研究来确定怀孕前或怀孕期间钙摄入量低是否会对生殖和泌乳功能以及母婴的长期健康产生有害影响。
