Scahill L, Schwab-Stone M
Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2000 Jul;9(3):541-55, vii.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a relatively common condition of childhood onset and is of significant public health concern. Over the past two decades there have been 19 community-based studies offering estimates of prevalence ranging from 2% to 17%. The dramatic differences in these estimates are due to the choice of informant, methods of sampling and data collection, and the diagnostic definition. This article provides a critical review of the community-based studies on the prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents. Based on the 19 studies reviewed, the best estimate of prevalence is 5% to 10% in school-aged children. The review also examines age and gender effects on the frequency of ADHD. The article closes with a discussion of psychosocial correlates and patterns of comorbidity in ADHD.
注意力缺陷/多动障碍是一种相对常见的始于儿童期的病症，并且是一个重大的公共卫生问题。在过去二十年里，有19项基于社区的研究给出了患病率估计，范围从2%到17%。这些估计值的巨大差异归因于信息提供者的选择、抽样和数据收集方法以及诊断定义。本文对基于社区的儿童和青少年注意力缺陷/多动障碍患病率研究进行了批判性综述。基于所综述的19项研究，学龄儿童患病率的最佳估计值为5%至10%。该综述还考察了年龄和性别对注意力缺陷/多动障碍发病频率的影响。本文最后讨论了注意力缺陷/多动障碍的心理社会相关因素和共病模式。
