Milián F, Sánchez L M, Toledo P, Ramírez C, Santillán M A
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, CENID-Fisiología, Qro., México.
Rev Latinoam Microbiol. 2000 Jan-Mar;42(1):13-9.
A 5-year retrospective study (1992-1996) to look at the situation of human tuberculosis was conducted in Querétaro, México. Also, a 6-month study to determine the frequency of gross lesions in dairy cattle at slaughter, and a short experiment to evaluate the effect of sodium borate in the survival of M. bovis in lesions were carried out. The number of cases were 114 in 1992, 211 in 1995, and 174 in 1996. Possible risk factors were: overcrowding, under-nutrition, previous cases of TB in the family, concurrent Diabetes mellitus, poor personal hygiene, smoking, and alcohol abuse. Eighty percent of the cases were pulmonary. The number of cases increase with age, from 5% in patients 10-year old or younger to 42% in patients 50-year old or older. Seventy-two percent were cured, and only 6% die. Persistent coughing was by far the most observed clinical symptom. From 112 acid-fast negative samples, 8.9% were positive by culture. From 1,201 carcasses revised at slaughter, 17% presented TB-gross lesions. Ninety-six percent were localized lesions involving frequently a single organ, mostly retropharyngeal, mediastinal, mesenteric and mandibular lymph. From 102 lesions, 95% were TB-compatible, and 79% were positive to isolation of M. bovis. Most affected animals were female > 2 years old. It was observed that keeping lesions in a 6% sodium borate solution does not affect the diagnosis of M. bovis by culture after 150 days.
在墨西哥克雷塔罗州开展了一项为期5年（1992 - 1996年）的回顾性研究，以观察人类结核病的情况。此外，还进行了一项为期6个月的研究，以确定奶牛屠宰时肉眼可见病变的发生率，并开展了一项短期实验，评估硼酸钠对牛分枝杆菌在病变中存活情况的影响。1992年的病例数为114例，1995年为211例，1996年为174例。可能的风险因素包括：过度拥挤、营养不良、家族中有结核病既往史、并发糖尿病、个人卫生差、吸烟和酗酒。80%的病例为肺部感染。病例数随年龄增长而增加，10岁及以下患者的占比为5%，50岁及以上患者的占比为42%。72%的患者治愈，仅有6%的患者死亡。持续性咳嗽是迄今为止最常见的临床症状。在112份抗酸染色阴性样本中，8.9%的样本培养呈阳性。在屠宰时检查的1201具牛尸体中，17%呈现结核病肉眼可见病变。96%为局限性病变，通常累及单个器官，主要是咽后、纵隔、肠系膜和下颌淋巴结。在102处病变中，95%与结核病相符，79%的病变牛分枝杆菌分离呈阳性。受影响最严重的动物为2岁以上的雌性。观察发现，将病变保存在6%的硼酸钠溶液中150天后，不影响通过培养诊断牛分枝杆菌。
