Eliakim A, Makowski G S, Brasel J A, Cooper D M
Department of Research, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Hartford, USA.
Int J Sports Med. 2000 Jul;21(5):332-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-3779.
Physical activity during childhood and adolescence may influence the development of childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease later in life. Research focused prospectively on the effects of training on lipid levels in nonobese subjects, and studies using noninvasive measurements of subcutaneous and intraabdominal fat are lacking. It was hypothesized in nonobese sedentary adolescent males that a brief endurance-type exercise training intervention would reduce body fat and improve lipid profiles. Thirty-eight healthy, nonobese sedentary adolescent males (mean age 16 +/- 0.7 years old; 18 controls, 20 trained) completed a 5-week prospective, randomized, controlled study. Adiposity was measured using magnetic resonance images of the thigh and abdomen (subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue [SAAT] and intraabdominal adipose tissue [IAAT]). Lipid measurements included serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL and LDL cholesterol. There was no change in body weight in either control or training groups. Training led to small but significant reductions in thigh fat (-4.6 +/- 1.5%, p < 0.03) and SAAT% (1.7 +/- 0.8%, p < 0.02). There was no change in IAAT%. Unexpectedly in the control group there were significant increases in thigh fat (5.2 +/- 1.7%, p<0.01), SAAT% (1.8 +/- 0.6, p < 0.007) and IAAT% (4.5 +/- 1.1, p < 0.0007). Training-induced changes in adiposity were not accompanied by changes in circulating lipids. In nonobese adolescent males a brief period of endurance training led to reductions in body fat depots without weight change while body fat increased rapidly in the control group. Exercise training did not change lipid levels, the latter may require more sustained alterations in patterns of physical activity.
儿童期和青少年期的身体活动可能会影响儿童肥胖症和心血管疾病在日后生活中的发展。此前的研究主要关注训练对非肥胖受试者血脂水平的影响，而缺乏使用非侵入性方法测量皮下和腹部脂肪的研究。我们假设，对于久坐不动的非肥胖青少年男性，进行一次简短的耐力型运动训练干预可以减少体脂并改善血脂状况。38名健康的、久坐不动的非肥胖青少年男性（平均年龄16±0.7岁；18名对照组，20名训练组）完成了一项为期5周的前瞻性、随机、对照研究。使用大腿和腹部的磁共振图像测量肥胖程度（腹部皮下脂肪组织[SAAT]和腹部内脂肪组织[IAAT]）。血脂测量包括血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。对照组和训练组的体重均无变化。训练导致大腿脂肪（-4.6±1.5%，p<0.03）和SAAT%（1.7±0.8%，p<0.02）有小幅但显著的减少。IAAT%没有变化。出乎意料的是，对照组的大腿脂肪（5.2±1.7%，p<0.01）、SAAT%（1.8±0.6，p<0.007）和IAAT%（4.5±1.1，p<0.0007）有显著增加。训练引起的肥胖变化并未伴随着循环血脂的变化。在非肥胖青少年男性中，一段简短的耐力训练导致体脂储存减少但体重不变，而对照组的体脂则迅速增加。运动训练并未改变血脂水平，后者可能需要身体活动模式更持续的改变。
