Knezević-Usaj S, Panisić M, Tarabar D, Cuk V, Brajuković G, Petrović M
Institut za patologiju, VMA-Beograd.
Acta Chir Iugosl. 2000;47(1-2):43-50.
It is well known that patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease(CD) are at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CC). Before adenocarcinoma develops, the intestinal epithelium progress through a premalignant phase of dysplasia, which can be identified via mucosal biopsy and routine tissue histology. Surveillance colonoscopy and prophylactic colectomy for dysplasia or asymptomatic cancer is advised as a method of reducing cancer-related mortality. Many physicians suggests that surveillance for extensive colitis should begin after 8 to 10 years of disease, and surveillance for left-sided colitis should begin after 15-20 years. Colonoscopy is recommended with frequent biopsies, at least every 10 cm in all four quadrants, and with biopsy of any suspicious lesion. The emerging field of colon cancer genetics has identified several important tumor markers that have potential to improve sensitivity for detection of early neoplasia.
众所周知，患有长期炎症性肠病（IBD）、溃疡性结肠炎（UC）或克罗恩病（CD）的患者患结直肠癌（CC）的风险会增加。在腺癌发生之前，肠道上皮会经历发育异常的癌前阶段，这可以通过黏膜活检和常规组织病理学来识别。建议进行监测性结肠镜检查以及针对发育异常或无症状癌症的预防性结肠切除术，作为降低癌症相关死亡率的一种方法。许多医生建议，广泛性结肠炎的监测应在患病8至10年后开始，左侧结肠炎的监测应在15至20年后开始。建议进行结肠镜检查并频繁活检，在所有四个象限至少每隔10厘米进行活检，并对任何可疑病变进行活检。结肠癌遗传学这一新兴领域已经确定了几种重要的肿瘤标志物，它们有可能提高早期肿瘤检测的敏感性。
