Vora A R, Yeoman C M, Hayter J P
School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield.
Br Dent J. 2000 Apr 22;188(8):444-51. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4800506.
To determine use of alcohol, tobacco and paan among males from the various Asian communities in Leicester; and assess their knowledge and attitudes towards oral cancer risk factors and prevention. Also, to determine any differences regarding habits and attitudes between first and second generation Asians.
Volunteers completed a confidential, bilingual questionnaire regarding alcohol, tobacco and paan use and also knowledge about oral cancer risk factors and preventive measures.
Participants were recruited from sources that included GPs' surgeries, sixth form colleges and places of worship.
Asian males, i.e. those of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan origin; over the age of 16 years and resident in Leicester.
Quantitative figures were obtained from the questionnaires as to the frequency of alcohol, tobacco and paan use and responses regarding oral cancer knowledge, risk factors and preventive measures.
The principal Asian community groups in Leicester were Hindu, Sikh, Muslim and Jain. Significant differences were found in males from these groups with regards to habits and oral cancer awareness. Muslim males use tobacco and paan more than the other groups but avoid alcohol. Sikh males drink more alcohol (especially spirits) than the other groups but their use of tobacco and paan is low. Habits of Hindu and Jain males are variable. However, approximately 10% of both 1st and 2nd generation Hindu males combine all three habits of alcohol, tobacco and paan; and are thus considered to be at high risk of developing oral cancer. Seven percent of 1st generation Hindu males were found to chew paans containing tobacco which are strongly associated with oral cancer. More 2nd generation Jains drank alcohol than the 1st generation, and a greater proportion of Hindu, Sikh and Jain 2nd generation males drink spirits than their older counterparts. Knowledge of oral cancer risk factors and preventive measures were variable, the lowest level of knowledge being among the 1st generation Sikh group. Few volunteers realised the risk of alcohol drinking in the aetiology of oral cancer.
The 'Asian' community in Leicester is not homogeneous, but consists of distinct community groups; each with their own cultural beliefs, habits and attitudes. Knowledge of these differences can be used to provide appropriate health education programmes suitably targeted to reduce the use of the known risk factors for oral cancer.
确定莱斯特不同亚洲社区男性中酒精、烟草和槟榔的使用情况；评估他们对口腔癌危险因素及预防的知识和态度。此外，确定第一代和第二代亚洲人在习惯和态度上的差异。
志愿者填写一份关于酒精、烟草和槟榔使用以及口腔癌危险因素和预防措施知识的保密双语问卷。
参与者从包括全科医生诊所、六年级学院和宗教场所等来源招募。
亚洲男性，即印度、巴基斯坦、孟加拉或斯里兰卡裔；年龄超过16岁且居住在莱斯特。
从问卷中获取关于酒精、烟草和槟榔使用频率以及口腔癌知识、危险因素和预防措施的回答的定量数据。
莱斯特主要的亚洲社区群体有印度教、锡克教、穆斯林和耆那教。这些群体的男性在习惯和口腔癌认知方面存在显著差异。穆斯林男性比其他群体更多地使用烟草和槟榔，但不饮酒。锡克教男性比其他群体饮酒更多（尤其是烈酒），但他们对烟草和槟榔的使用较少。印度教和耆那教男性的习惯各不相同。然而，第一代和第二代印度教男性中约10%同时有酒精、烟草和槟榔这三种习惯；因此被认为患口腔癌的风险很高。发现7%的第一代印度教男性咀嚼含烟草的槟榔，这与口腔癌密切相关。第二代耆那教男性饮酒比第一代多，第二代印度教、锡克教和耆那教男性饮用烈酒的比例高于他们的长辈。对口腔癌危险因素和预防措施的了解各不相同，知识水平最低的是第一代锡克教群体。很少有志愿者意识到饮酒在口腔癌病因中的风险。
莱斯特的“亚洲”社区并非同质化，而是由不同的社区群体组成；每个群体都有自己的文化信仰、习惯和态度。了解这些差异可用于提供适当的健康教育项目，以适当针对减少口腔癌已知危险因素的使用。
