Centre for Oral Health Outcomes and Research Translation (COHORT), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University/South Western Sydney Local Health District / Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW, Australia.
BMC Cancer. 2020 May 27;20(1):477. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-06944-9.
Oral cancer is a growing problem worldwide, with high incidence rates in South Asian countries. With increasing numbers of South Asian immigrants in developed countries, a possible rise in oral cancer cases is expected given the high prevalence in their source countries and the continued oral cancer risk behaviours of immigrants. The aim of this review is to synthesise existing evidence regarding knowledge, attitudes and practices of South Asian immigrants in developed countries regarding oral cancer.
Five electronic databases were systematically searched to identify original, English language articles focussing on oral cancer risk knowledge, attitudes and practices of South Asian immigrants in developed countries. All studies that met the following inclusion criteria were included: conducted among South Asian immigrants in developed countries; explored at least one study outcome (knowledge or attitudes or practices); used either qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods. No restrictions were placed on the publication date, quality and setting of the study.
A total of 16 studies involving 4772 participants were reviewed. These studies were mainly conducted in the USA, UK, Italy and New Zealand between 1994 and 2018. Findings were categorised into themes of oral cancer knowledge, attitudes and practices. General lack of oral cancer risk knowledge (43-76%) among participants was reported. More than 50% people were found engaging in one or more oral cancer risk practices like smoking, betel quid/pan/gutka chewing. Some of the participants perceived betel quid/pan/gutka chewing habit good for their health (12-43.6%).
This review has shown that oral cancer risk practices are prevalent among South Asian immigrants who possess limited knowledge and unfavourable attitude in this area. Culturally appropriate targeted interventions and strategies are needed to raise oral cancer awareness among South Asian communities in developed countries.
口腔癌是全球范围内日益严重的问题，南亚国家的发病率较高。随着发达国家中南亚移民数量的增加，预计由于来源国的高患病率以及移民持续存在的口腔癌风险行为，口腔癌病例可能会有所增加。本综述的目的是综合现有关于发达国家南亚移民对口腔癌的知识、态度和实践的证据。
系统地检索了五个电子数据库，以确定关注发达国家南亚移民口腔癌风险知识、态度和实践的原创英文文章。符合以下纳入标准的所有研究均包括在内：在发达国家进行的南亚移民；至少探讨了一个研究结果（知识或态度或实践）；使用定性、定量或混合方法。对研究的发表日期、质量和背景没有限制。
共审查了 16 项研究，涉及 4772 名参与者。这些研究主要于 1994 年至 2018 年期间在美国、英国、意大利和新西兰进行。研究结果被归类为口腔癌知识、态度和实践的主题。研究报告参与者普遍缺乏口腔癌风险知识（43-76%）。发现超过 50%的人存在一种或多种口腔癌风险行为，如吸烟、嚼槟榔、嚼烟或口含烟。一些参与者认为嚼槟榔、嚼烟或口含烟的习惯对他们的健康有益（12-43.6%）。
本综述表明，南亚移民中存在口腔癌风险行为，他们在这方面的知识有限，态度也不利。需要采取文化上适当的针对性干预措施和策略，提高发达国家南亚社区对口腔癌的认识。
