Carlyle S W, Parr R L, Hayes M G, O'Rourke D H
Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0060, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2000 Sep;113(1):85-101. doi: 10.1002/1096-8644(200009)113:1<85::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-1.
We present mitochondrial haplogroup characterizations of the prehistoric Anasazi of the United States (US) Southwest. These data are part of a long-term project to characterize ancient Great Basin and US Southwest samples for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity. Three restriction site polymorphisms (RSPs) and one length polymorphism identify four common Native American matrilines (A, B, C, and D). The Anasazi (n = 27) are shown to have a moderate frequency of haplogroup A (22%), a high frequency of haplogroup B (56%), and a low frequency of C (15%). Haplogroup D has not yet been detected among the Anasazi. In comparison to modern Native American groups from the US Southwest, the Anasazi are shown to have a distribution of haplogroups similar to the frequency pattern exhibited by modern Pueblo groups. A principal component analysis also clusters the Anasazi with some modern (Pueblo) Southwestern populations, and away from other modern (Athapaskan speaking) Southwestern populations. The Anasazi are also shown to have a significantly different distribution of the four haplogroups as compared to the eastern Great Basin Great Salt Lake Fremont (n = 32), although both groups cluster together in a principal component analysis. The context of our data suggests substantial stability within the US Southwest, even in the face of the serious cultural and biological disruption caused by colonization of the region by European settlers. We conclude that although sample numbers are fairly low, ancient DNA (aDNA) data are useful for assessing long-term populational affinities and for discerning regional population structure.
我们展示了美国西南部史前阿纳萨齐人的线粒体单倍群特征。这些数据是一个长期项目的一部分，该项目旨在对大盆地古代样本和美国西南部样本的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）多样性进行特征描述。三种限制性位点多态性（RSPs）和一种长度多态性确定了四个常见的美洲原住民母系血统（A、B、C和D）。研究表明，阿纳萨齐人（n = 27）中，单倍群A的频率适中（22%），单倍群B的频率较高（56%），单倍群C的频率较低（15%）。在阿纳萨齐人中尚未检测到单倍群D。与美国西南部的现代美洲原住民群体相比，阿纳萨齐人的单倍群分布与现代普韦布洛群体呈现的频率模式相似。主成分分析也将阿纳萨齐人与一些现代（普韦布洛）西南部人群聚类在一起，而与其他现代（说阿萨巴斯卡语）西南部人群分开。与大盆地东部大盐湖弗里蒙特人（n = 32）相比，阿纳萨齐人这四个单倍群的分布也存在显著差异，尽管在主成分分析中这两个群体聚类在一起。我们数据的背景表明，即使面对欧洲定居者对该地区殖民所造成的严重文化和生物破坏，美国西南部仍具有相当大的稳定性。我们得出结论，尽管样本数量相当少，但古代DNA（aDNA）数据对于评估长期的群体亲缘关系和辨别区域群体结构是有用的。
