Engkvist I L, Hjelm E W, Hagberg M, Menckel E, Ekenvall L
Programme for Ergonomics, National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm, Sweden.
Epidemiology. 2000 Sep;11(5):519-22. doi: 10.1097/00001648-200009000-00006.
We conducted a case-referent study to identify and quantify work-related and non-work-related risk indicators for reported over-exertion back injuries among nursing personnel. The source population was all nursing personnel employed in the Stockholm County hospitals during a 32-month period. The 240 cases and 614 referents completed questionnaires about occupation, type of clinic, working hours, shift work, patient transfers, perceived exertion, back pain, prior back injury, job strain, body mass index (BMI), smoking, immigrant status, physical training, and self-rated fitness. The highest relative risks (RR) were observed for work-related factors: working at an orthopedic clinic (RR = 5.2; 95% CI = 2.7-10.2), > or =1 patient transfer/shift (RR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.6-4.5), and working full-time (RR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.6-3.6). Training in the use of transfer devices, and regular use of transfer devices, reduced the relative risk from patient transfer. Among the non-work-related factors, only body mass index > or =25 kg/m2 and immigrant status was associated with a slight increase in relative risk.
我们开展了一项病例对照研究，以识别和量化护理人员上报的因过度用力导致背部受伤的工作相关和非工作相关风险指标。源人群为斯德哥尔摩郡医院在32个月期间雇佣的所有护理人员。240例病例和614名对照完成了关于职业、诊所类型、工作时间、轮班工作、患者转运、感知到的用力程度、背痛、既往背部受伤情况、工作压力、体重指数（BMI）、吸烟、移民身份、体育锻炼和自我评定的健康状况的问卷调查。观察到工作相关因素的相对风险（RR）最高：在骨科诊所工作（RR = 5.2；95%置信区间 = 2.7 - 10.2）、每班患者转运≥1次（RR = 2.7；95%置信区间 = 1.6 - 4.5）以及全职工作（RR = 2.4；95%置信区间 = 1.6 - 3.6）。使用转运设备的培训以及转运设备的定期使用降低了患者转运带来的相对风险。在非工作相关因素中，只有体重指数≥25 kg/m²和移民身份与相对风险的轻微增加有关。
