Forwood M R, Larsen J A
Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Queensland.
Aust Fam Physician. 2000 Aug;29(8):761-4.
Individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis have a high risk of skeletal injury. Regular physical activity may contribute to preventing osteoporosis, but the efficacy of exercise intervention once the disease is established has not been rigorously investigated.
To provide recommendations focusing specifically on exercise goals for osteoporosis, taking into account evidence for maximisation and maintenance of bone strength and minimisation of trauma, and to identify the levels of evidence that support this.
The primary benefit of exercise for adult bones is conservation, not acquisition. In elderly individuals, improved fitness and muscle strength contribute to the prevention of falls and a lower risk of fracture. Physical activity may also reduce the rate of bone loss. Exercise goals for osteoporosis should include pain reduction, increased mobility and improvements in muscle endurance, balance and stability. These are worthwhile end points because not only may they prevent falls but they may improve the quality of life. In conjunction with advice to increase dietary calcium, exercise plays a significant part in a lifestyle prescription for reducing fractures in later life. In postmenopausal women, although less effective than oestrogen for maintaining bone mineral density, exercise should be regarded as part of an overall treatment strategy.
被诊断患有骨质疏松症的个体发生骨骼损伤的风险很高。定期进行体育活动可能有助于预防骨质疏松症，但在疾病确诊后运动干预的效果尚未得到严格研究。
考虑到最大化和维持骨强度以及最小化创伤的证据，提供专门针对骨质疏松症运动目标的建议，并确定支持此建议的证据水平。
运动对成年人骨骼的主要益处是保持，而非增加骨量。在老年人中，改善身体素质和肌肉力量有助于预防跌倒并降低骨折风险。体育活动还可能降低骨质流失率。骨质疏松症的运动目标应包括减轻疼痛、增加活动能力以及改善肌肉耐力、平衡和稳定性。这些都是有价值的终点，因为它们不仅可以预防跌倒，还可以提高生活质量。与增加膳食钙的建议相结合，运动在降低晚年骨折风险的生活方式处方中起着重要作用。在绝经后女性中，尽管运动在维持骨密度方面不如雌激素有效，但应将其视为整体治疗策略的一部分。
