Greenwood M, Farris J, Kreider R, Greenwood L, Byars A
Department of Health Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, USA.
Clin J Sport Med. 2000 Jul;10(3):191-4. doi: 10.1097/00042752-200007000-00007.
To describe patterns of creatine use in select Division I collegiate athletes based on recommended dosages according to body weight. Further, to report the perceived effects noted with creatine supplementation.
Anonymous open-ended self-report descriptive questionnaire.
National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution.
Two-hundred and nineteen male and female collegiate athletes representing eight varsity sports.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): An open-ended questionnaire was administered to determine patterns of creatine use during the loading and maintenance phases of this nutritional supplement. In addition, perceived positive, negative, and no effects associated with creatine usage patterns were determined from athlete responses on this self-report measure.
Considering this select group of collegiate athletes, highly variable patterns of creatine supplementation were noted for loading/maintenance phases based on recommended dosages/days and body weight. Of the 219 athletes surveyed, 90 (41%) reported using creatine, while creatine supplementation was more prevalent among men than women. Creatine users (80 athletes, 89%) reporting perceived positive effects were primarily at or below recommended dosages for the loading phase but above recommended dosages in the maintenance phase. Creatine users (34 athletes, 38%) reporting perceived negative effects were primarily at or below recommended dosages in the loading phase but noticeably above recommended dosages in the maintenance phase. Ironically, all creatine users who reported negative side effects also reported positive effects. Creatine users (10 athletes, 11%) reporting no effects were below recommended loading dosages but above recommended maintenance dosages.
The perceived positive effects noted support current research (strength/weight gains), while the perceived negative effects (cramping/gastrointestinal distress) were consistent with anecdotal reports surrounding creatine supplementation. Apparently, collegiate athletes in this study are in need of education regarding the proper use of creatine supplementation. Additional studies are needed to ascertain creatine supplementation patterns of collegiate athletes in various settings.
根据体重推荐剂量，描述特定的美国大学体育协会（NCAA）一级联盟大学生运动员使用肌酸的模式。此外，报告补充肌酸后所察觉到的效果。
匿名开放式自我报告描述性问卷。
美国大学体育协会一级联盟机构。
219名男女大学生运动员，代表8项大学代表队运动项目。
采用一份开放式问卷来确定这种营养补充剂在负荷期和维持期的肌酸使用模式。此外，根据运动员在这份自我报告中的回答，确定与肌酸使用模式相关的所察觉到的积极、消极和无影响情况。
在这组特定的大学生运动员中，基于推荐剂量/天数和体重，在负荷期/维持期的肌酸补充模式差异很大。在接受调查的219名运动员中，90名（41%）报告使用了肌酸，且肌酸补充在男性中比在女性中更普遍。报告察觉到积极效果的肌酸使用者（80名运动员，89%）主要处于或低于负荷期的推荐剂量，但在维持期高于推荐剂量。报告察觉到消极效果的肌酸使用者（34名运动员，38%）主要处于或低于负荷期的推荐剂量，但在维持期明显高于推荐剂量。具有讽刺意味的是，所有报告有负面副作用的肌酸使用者也报告有积极效果。报告无效果的肌酸使用者（10名运动员，11%）低于负荷期推荐剂量，但高于维持期推荐剂量。
所察觉到的积极效果支持了当前的研究（力量/体重增加），而所察觉到的消极效果（抽筋/胃肠道不适）与围绕肌酸补充的传闻报告一致。显然，本研究中的大学生运动员需要接受关于正确使用肌酸补充剂的教育。需要进一步的研究来确定不同环境下大学生运动员的肌酸补充模式。
