Ibba M, Soll D
Center for Biomolecular Recognition, IMBG Laboratory B, The Panum Institute, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Annu Rev Biochem. 2000;69:617-50. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.617.
Aminoacyl-tRNAs are substrates for translation and are pivotal in determining how the genetic code is interpreted as amino acids. The function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis is to precisely match amino acids with tRNAs containing the corresponding anticodon. This is primarily achieved by the direct attachment of an amino acid to the corresponding tRNA by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, although intrinsic proofreading and extrinsic editing are also essential in several cases. Recent studies of aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis, mainly prompted by the advent of whole genome sequencing and the availability of a vast body of structural data, have led to an expanded and more detailed picture of how aminoacyl-tRNAs are synthesized. This article reviews current knowledge of the biochemical, structural, and evolutionary facets of aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis.
氨酰-tRNA是翻译的底物，在决定遗传密码如何被解读为氨基酸方面起着关键作用。氨酰-tRNA合成的功能是将氨基酸与含有相应反密码子的tRNA精确匹配。这主要是通过氨酰-tRNA合成酶将氨基酸直接连接到相应的tRNA上来实现的，不过在某些情况下，内在校对和外在编辑也至关重要。最近对氨酰-tRNA合成的研究，主要是受全基因组测序的出现以及大量结构数据的可得性所推动，使得我们对氨酰-tRNA如何合成有了更广泛、更详细的认识。本文综述了关于氨酰-tRNA合成的生化、结构和进化方面的当前知识。
