Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in children's wards.

During community outbreak, nosocomial infections caused by both groups (A and B) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occur as the most common nosocomial infections at pediatric wards. RSV cross-infection is considered to have taken place when a child acquires an infection after being in the ward longer than 7 days, and its frequency at the ward could be calculated in several ways. That frequency ranges worldwide between 30% and 70% in neonatal units, and between 20% and 40% at pediatric wards. The infections are manifested as lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in 20-60% and 30-40% of cases, respectively. These infections could be early diagnosed by an RSV rapid detection method. In RSV-positive children who develop LRTI and belong to the category with a high risk of developing severe RSV disease, a specific therapy is recommended. The frequency of RSV nosocomial infections at children's wards could be considerably reduced (to only a few per cent) by providing education to hospital personnel in the etiology and transmission of respiratory viruses and by compliance with pediatric droplet precautions (cohort nursing, and gown and glove wearing/handwashing in any contact with infected children).