Mlinaric-Galinovic G, Varda-Brkic D
Department of Microbiology, A. Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 4, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;37(4):237-46. doi: 10.1016/s0732-8893(00)00154-1.
During community outbreak, nosocomial infections caused by both groups (A and B) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occur as the most common nosocomial infections at pediatric wards. RSV cross-infection is considered to have taken place when a child acquires an infection after being in the ward longer than 7 days, and its frequency at the ward could be calculated in several ways. That frequency ranges worldwide between 30% and 70% in neonatal units, and between 20% and 40% at pediatric wards. The infections are manifested as lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in 20-60% and 30-40% of cases, respectively. These infections could be early diagnosed by an RSV rapid detection method. In RSV-positive children who develop LRTI and belong to the category with a high risk of developing severe RSV disease, a specific therapy is recommended. The frequency of RSV nosocomial infections at children's wards could be considerably reduced (to only a few per cent) by providing education to hospital personnel in the etiology and transmission of respiratory viruses and by compliance with pediatric droplet precautions (cohort nursing, and gown and glove wearing/handwashing in any contact with infected children).
在社区暴发期间，呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）A、B两组引起的医院感染是儿科病房最常见的医院感染。当儿童在病房停留超过7天后感染时，即认为发生了RSV交叉感染，其在病房的发生率可以通过多种方式计算。在新生儿病房，全球范围内该发生率在30%至70%之间，在儿科病房则为20%至40%。这些感染分别在20%至60%和30%至40%的病例中表现为下呼吸道感染（LRTI）。这些感染可通过RSV快速检测方法早期诊断。对于发生LRTI且属于发生严重RSV疾病高风险类别的RSV阳性儿童，建议进行特定治疗。通过对医院工作人员进行呼吸道病毒病因和传播方面的教育，并遵守儿科飞沫预防措施（分组护理，以及在与感染儿童的任何接触中穿隔离衣、戴手套/洗手），儿科病房RSV医院感染的发生率可大幅降低（至仅百分之几）。
