Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in the community.

The syndrome of chronic heart failure (CHF) is usually attributable to left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), which is most commonly systolic in nature. Many patients who go on to develop heart failure pass through a phase in which they have significant systolic dysfunction but lack clinical symptoms and signs: so-called asymptomatic LVD (ALVD). Treatment of this asymptomatic phase with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can delay the progression to CHF and ameliorate its substantial morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the epidemiology of ALVD. ALVD is at least as prevalent as CHF, is mainly caused by ischemic heart disease, significantly impairs effort capacity, reduces quality of life, and is associated with a substantial mortality rate. As such, it would appear to satisfy many of the criteria required to screen for a disease. The natriuretic peptide hormones (atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide ) are elevated in subjects with ALVD. BNP, in particular, has acceptable accuracy to detect LVD in the general population. In particular, it has a high negative predictive value meaning a low concentration makes the presence of significant LVD highly unlikely. As such it has the potential to be a cost-effective means of filtering subjects suspected of having LVD and allowing more appropriate use of tertiary referrals for specialist assessment and detailed echocardiography.