Schiller L R
Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 1999 Oct;1(5):389-97. doi: 10.1007/s11894-999-0020-8.
Diarrhea, defined as loose stools, occurs when the intestine does not complete absorption of electrolytes and water from luminal contents. This can happen when a nonabsorbable, osmotically active substance is ingested ("osmotic diarrhea") or when electrolyte absorption is impaired ("secretory diarrhea"). Most cases of acute and chronic diarrhea are due to the latter mechanism. Secretory diarrhea can result from bacterial toxins, reduced absorptive surface area caused by disease or resection, luminal secretagogues (such as bile acids or laxatives), circulating secretagogues (such as various hormones, drugs, and poisons), and medical problems that compromise regulation of intestinal function. Evaluation of patients with secretory diarrhea must be tailored to find the likely causes of this problem. Specific and nonspecific treatment can be valuable.
腹泻定义为大便稀溏，当肠道无法完全从肠腔内容物中吸收电解质和水分时就会发生。当摄入不可吸收的、具有渗透活性的物质（“渗透性腹泻”）或电解质吸收受损（“分泌性腹泻”）时，就会出现这种情况。大多数急性和慢性腹泻病例是由后一种机制引起的。分泌性腹泻可由细菌毒素、疾病或切除导致的吸收表面积减少、肠腔促分泌素（如胆汁酸或泻药）、循环促分泌素（如各种激素、药物和毒物）以及损害肠道功能调节的医学问题引起。对分泌性腹泻患者的评估必须针对找出该问题的可能原因进行调整。特异性和非特异性治疗可能会有帮助。
