Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation for anaesthesia and resuscitation: a review and report of complications.

Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation with intermittent jets of oxygen under high pressure has been used for approximately five years. This paper briefly reviews published reports on the use of this technique for resuscitation and during anaesthesia. Complications occurring in the reports reviewed are tabulated. The complications occurring in a series of 80 patients (52 elective prior to anaesthesia and 28 for acute respiratory distress) at the Pittsburgh Eye and Ear Hospital are documented. This includes three detailed case reports. No deaths and few serious complications have so far been reported, particularly with the elective use of transtracheal ventilation. This technique has established itself as an important adjunct in life support. When used in properly selected cases, its continued use appears justified.