Prickett C A, Bridges M S
The University of Alabama, Alabama, USA.
J Music Ther. 2000 Fall;37(3):196-204. doi: 10.1093/jmt/37.3.196.
This study examined whether a basic song repertoire of folk-type melodies which can be accompanied with principal triads exists in the senior citizen population and compared this repertoire with that of music therapy students. An audiotape of the tunes of 25 standard songs, assumed in previous research to be known by everyone who has finished 6th grade, was played for undergraduate music therapy students (N = 78) and for healthy, active senior citizens (N = 78). None of the senior citizens had received any music therapy services, although many were involved in music activities such as the senior choir at church. Music therapy majors identified significantly more tunes than did the older listeners. Further analysis indicated that there is a good deal of overlap in the repertoires of these two groups. Sixteen tunes were recognized by 80% of therapy students; 10 songs were recognized by 80% of the seniors; the 10 songs identified by these seniors were 10 of the top 11 identified by the college students ("Kumbaya" was not known by the older listeners). Six songs could not be named by 50% of the students; 7 songs could not be named by 50% of the seniors; these two lists contained five common selections ("Oh Shenandoah," "Kookaburra," "Down in the Valley," "Shalom Chaverim," and "Tinga Layo"). Given the growth of the senior segment of the American population, the expansion of services for them, and the popularity of including music activities among these services, it would appear that music therapy students' basic knowledge of a repertoire of songs which are known to older people and which can easily be accompanied with principal triads is adequate, even though the range of songs which could be identified was broad (11-24) and the mean correctly named was merely 70.82% of a set which other investigators, teachers, and professional organizations have said represent a minimal repertoire for all citizens beyond the 6th grade.
本研究调查了老年人群体中是否存在一套可由主三和弦伴奏的基本民间风格旋律歌曲曲目，并将该曲目与音乐治疗专业学生的曲目进行了比较。此前研究假定，任何完成六年级学业的人都熟知25首标准歌曲的曲调，现播放这些歌曲的录音带，供本科音乐治疗专业学生（N = 78）和健康、活跃的老年人（N = 78）聆听。尽管许多老年人参与了诸如教堂老年唱诗班等音乐活动，但他们均未接受过任何音乐治疗服务。音乐治疗专业学生认出的曲调明显多于老年听众。进一步分析表明，这两组人的曲目有大量重叠。16首曲调被80%的治疗专业学生认出；10首歌曲被80%的老年人认出；这些老年人认出的10首歌曲是大学生认出的前11首中的10首（老年人不知道《库姆巴亚》）。50%的学生叫不出6首歌曲的名字；50%的老年人叫不出7首歌曲的名字；这两份清单中有5首共同的曲目（《哦，雪兰多》《笑翠鸟》《山谷里》《再见朋友》和《廷加莱奥》）。鉴于美国老年人口的增长、针对他们的服务的扩展以及音乐活动在这些服务中的普及，尽管能够辨认出的歌曲范围很广（11 - 24首），且正确说出的平均比例仅为其他研究者、教师和专业组织所说的所有六年级以上公民最低曲目的70.82%，但音乐治疗专业学生对老年人熟知且易于用主三和弦伴奏的歌曲曲目的基本知识似乎是足够的。
