Wickström G, Bendix T
Turku Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2000 Aug;26(4):363-7.
The "Hawthorne effect" is often mentioned as a possible explanation for positive results in intervention studies. It is used to cover many phenomena, not only unwitting confounding of variables under study by the study itself, but also behavioral change due to an awareness of being observed, active compliance with the supposed wishes of researchers because of special attention received, or positive response to the stimulus being introduced. At times, the term seems to be used as a social equivalent to "placebo effect". In social research, there is much critical literature indicating that, in general, the term "Hawthorne effect" should be avoided. Instead of referring to the ambiguous and disputable Hawthorne effect when evaluating intervention effectiveness, researchers should introduce specific psychological and social variables that may have affected the outcome under study but were not monitored during the project, along with the possible effect on the observed results.
“霍桑效应”常被提及，作为干预研究中积极结果的一种可能解释。它被用来涵盖许多现象，不仅包括研究本身对所研究变量的无意混淆，还包括因意识到被观察而导致的行为改变、因受到特别关注而积极顺从研究人员的预期愿望，或对所引入刺激的积极反应。有时，这个术语似乎被用作“安慰剂效应”的社会等效词。在社会研究中，有许多批判性文献表明，一般来说，应该避免使用“霍桑效应”这个术语。在评估干预效果时，研究人员不应提及模糊且有争议的霍桑效应，而应引入可能影响所研究结果但在项目期间未被监测的具体心理和社会变量，以及对观察结果可能产生的影响。
