Lied T R, Kazandjian V A
Association of Maryland Hospitals and Health Systems, Lutherville, MD 21093-6087, USA.
Clin Perform Qual Health Care. 1998 Oct-Dec;6(4):201-4.
The Hawthorne experiments are a backdrop for diverse studies assessing the impact of treatment and experimentation on human and organizational performance. The Hawthorne effect is used to describe the positive impact on behavior that sometimes occurs in a study or experiment as a result of the interest shown by the experimenter in humans who are being treated, studied, or observed. We propose that the Hawthorne effect can be viewed as an active construct to develop a coherent strategy for performance improvement. We propose a "Hawthorne strategy" that transcends the Hawthorne effect in that it offers an approach to improving performance indefinitely. This strategy uses external observations of performance to increase internal commitment to performance improvement. The focus of individual responsibility increases as does the perceived connection between individual efforts and external performance improvement. The sense of accountability is maintained by institutional recognition and periodic reinforcement of individual behaviors that contribute to performance improvement. A successful Hawthorne strategy encourages providers of care to be evaluators of their performance as individuals, as members of groups, and as members of institutions.
霍桑实验是各种研究的背景，这些研究评估了治疗和实验对人类及组织绩效的影响。霍桑效应用于描述在一项研究或实验中，由于实验者对接受治疗、研究或观察的人表现出的兴趣，有时会对行为产生的积极影响。我们认为，霍桑效应可以被视为一种积极的构建，以制定一个连贯的绩效改进策略。我们提出一种“霍桑策略”，它超越了霍桑效应，因为它提供了一种无限期提高绩效的方法。该策略利用对绩效的外部观察来增强内部对绩效改进的承诺。个人责任的重点增加，个人努力与外部绩效改进之间的感知联系也增加。问责感通过机构认可和定期强化有助于绩效改进的个人行为来维持。成功的霍桑策略鼓励护理提供者成为其作为个人、群体成员和机构成员的绩效评估者。
