Arch Intern Med. 2000 Sep 25;160(17):2581-9. doi: 10.1001/archinte.160.17.2581.
We reviewed articles evaluating the relations among dieting, weight loss treatment, weight cycling, eating disorders, and psychological functioning in overweight and obese adults. Moderate caloric (energy) restriction, in combination with behavioral weight loss treatment, does not seem to cause clinically significant binge eating in overweight adults without preexisting binge eating problems and might ameliorate binge eating, at least in the short term, in those reporting recurrent binge eating before treatment. Most studies of behavioral weight loss interventions report improvements in psychological status during weight loss. However, these improvements might return to baseline with weight regain. Weight cycling does not seem to be associated with clinically significant psychopathologic conditions, although results of cross-sectional studies show an association between weight cycling and binge eating, as well as poorer perceived health status. "Nondieting" approaches seem to lead to improvements in mood and self-esteem; however, weight loss is generally minimal. Concerns that dieting induces eating disorders or other psychological dysfunction in overweight and obese adults are generally not supported by empirical studies. Such concerns should not preclude attempts to reduce caloric intake and increase physical activity to achieve modest weight loss or prevent additional weight gain.
我们回顾了评估超重和肥胖成年人节食、减肥治疗、体重循环、饮食失调及心理功能之间关系的文章。适度热量（能量）限制与行为减肥治疗相结合，对于没有既往暴饮暴食问题的超重成年人似乎不会导致具有临床意义的暴饮暴食，并且对于那些在治疗前报告有反复暴饮暴食的人，至少在短期内可能会改善暴饮暴食情况。大多数行为减肥干预研究报告称在减肥期间心理状态有所改善。然而，随着体重恢复，这些改善可能会回到基线水平。体重循环似乎与具有临床意义的精神病理状况无关，尽管横断面研究结果显示体重循环与暴饮暴食以及较差的健康状况感知之间存在关联。“非节食”方法似乎会改善情绪和自尊；然而，体重减轻通常很少。关于节食会导致超重和肥胖成年人出现饮食失调或其他心理功能障碍的担忧，实证研究通常并不支持。此类担忧不应妨碍为实现适度体重减轻或防止体重进一步增加而减少热量摄入和增加身体活动的尝试。
