Ivanov K A, Moor N A, Lavrik O I
Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000 Aug;65(8):888-97.
The basic function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) is an activation of the amino acids and their transfer to specific RNAs. In addition to this key role in protein biosynthesis, the enzymes of this group participate in other cell processes. aaRSs regulate the expression of some genes, not only their own. The regulation is carried out on the level of transcription, processing of mRNA, and translation. They catalyze the synthesis of dinucleoside oligophosphates and thus indirectly influence many other cell functions. Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase was shown to have cytokine activities. Some aaRSs interact specifically with other proteins. Thus, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are involved in the regulation of the multiple processes of living cells. In this review we summarize the available data on unusual activities of aaRSs.
氨酰-tRNA合成酶（aaRSs）的基本功能是激活氨基酸并将其转移到特定的RNA上。除了在蛋白质生物合成中的这一关键作用外，该类酶还参与其他细胞过程。aaRSs不仅调节自身基因的表达，还调节一些其他基因的表达。这种调节在转录、mRNA加工和翻译水平上进行。它们催化二核苷寡磷酸的合成，从而间接影响许多其他细胞功能。酪氨酸-tRNA合成酶已被证明具有细胞因子活性。一些aaRSs与其他蛋白质特异性相互作用。因此，氨酰-tRNA合成酶参与了活细胞多种过程的调节。在本综述中，我们总结了关于aaRSs异常活性的现有数据。
