Department of Molecular Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2012 Jan;77(1):15-25. doi: 10.1134/S0006297912010026.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, together with their main function of covalent binding of an amino acid to a corresponding tRNA, also perform many other functions. They take part in regulation of gene transcription, apoptosis, translation, and RNA splicing. Some of them function as cytokines or catalyze different reactions in living cells. Noncanonical functions can be mediated by additional domains of these proteins. On the other hand, some of the noncanonical functions are directly associated with the active center of the aminoacylation reaction. In this review we summarize recent data on the noncanonical functions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and on the mechanisms of their action.
氨酰-tRNA 合成酶除了将氨基酸共价结合到相应的 tRNA 上的主要功能外，还具有许多其他功能。它们参与基因转录、细胞凋亡、翻译和 RNA 剪接的调控。其中一些作为细胞因子发挥作用或在活细胞中催化不同的反应。这些蛋白质的额外结构域可以介导非典型功能。另一方面，一些非典型功能直接与氨酰化反应的活性中心相关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了氨酰-tRNA 合成酶的非典型功能及其作用机制的最新数据。
