Dudgeon J A
J Pediatr. 1975 Dec;87(6 Pt 2):1078-86. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(75)80119-3.
The original concept of the rubella syndrome as a triad of abnormalities affecting the eye, heart, and hearing organs has changed dramatically in the past 30 years. This paper describes the various clinical manifestations of congenital rubella now recognized and the varied consequences of rubella virus infection upon the fetus. The pathogenesis of intrauterine rubella is discussed in relation to the immunologic response of the fetus and to possible mechanisms of cell and tissue damage. The need for preventive measures is discussed in relation to the total number of children damaged annually and the importance of multiple defects leading to severe handicaps. Active immunization procedures to prevent congenital rubella defects are reviewed, with comments on the differences between vaccination policies in the United Kingdom and in the United States. The importance of surveillance of congenital rubella defects is emphasized; details of the National Rubella Surveillance Scheme in the United Kingdom are discussed.
风疹综合征最初被认为是一种影响眼睛、心脏和听觉器官的三联征异常，在过去30年中发生了巨大变化。本文描述了目前已认识到的先天性风疹的各种临床表现以及风疹病毒感染对胎儿的不同影响。本文结合胎儿的免疫反应以及细胞和组织损伤的可能机制，讨论了宫内风疹的发病机制。根据每年受损儿童的总数以及多种缺陷导致严重残疾的重要性，讨论了预防措施的必要性。本文回顾了预防先天性风疹缺陷的主动免疫程序，并对英国和美国的疫苗接种政策差异进行了评论。强调了监测先天性风疹缺陷的重要性；讨论了英国国家风疹监测计划的详细情况。
