马的差异结果效应。
Differential outcome effect in the horse.
作者信息
Miyashita Y, Nakajima S, Imada H
机构信息
Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 2000 Sep;74(2):245-53. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2000.74-245.
Three horses were trained with a discrimination task in which the color (blue or yellow) of a center panel signaled the correct (left or right) response (lever press). Reinforcing outcomes for the two correct color-position combinations (blue-left and yellow-right) were varied across phases. Discrimination performance was better when the combinations were differentially reinforced by two types of food (chopped carrot pieces and a solid food pellet) than when the combinations were randomly reinforced by these outcomes or when there was a common reinforcer for each of the correct combinations. However, the discrimination performance established by the differential outcome procedure was still 80% to 90% correct, and an analysis of two-trial sequences revealed that the stimulus color of the preceding trial interfered with discrimination performance on a given trial. Our demonstration of the differential outcome effect in the horse and its further analysis might contribute to more efficient control of equine behavior in the laboratory as well as in horse sports.
训练了三匹马完成一项辨别任务，其中中央面板的颜色（蓝色或黄色）指示正确的（左或右）反应（按压杠杆）。两种正确颜色-位置组合（蓝-左和黄-右）的强化结果在不同阶段有所变化。当这两种组合由两种类型的食物（切碎的胡萝卜块和固体食物颗粒）进行差别强化时，辨别表现要优于当这些组合由这些结果随机强化时，或者当每种正确组合都有一个共同强化物时。然而，由差别结果程序建立的辨别表现仍有80%至90%的正确率，并且对两次试验序列的分析表明，前一次试验的刺激颜色会干扰给定试验中的辨别表现。我们在马身上对差别结果效应的证明及其进一步分析可能有助于在实验室以及马术运动中更有效地控制马的行为。
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